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q1 is the bottom

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good afternoon i'm don savage public

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good afternoon i'm don savage public
 

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good afternoon i'm don savage public
affairs officer for the office of space

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affairs officer for the office of space
 

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affairs officer for the office of space
science

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science
 

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science
and uh welcome today to the goddard

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and uh welcome today to the goddard
 

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and uh welcome today to the goddard
space flight center and the latest of

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space flight center and the latest of
 

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space flight center and the latest of
our comment update briefings here at

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our comment update briefings here at
 

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our comment update briefings here at
goddard

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goddard
 

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goddard
today we have a major announcement to

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today we have a major announcement to
 

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today we have a major announcement to
make a major discovery by the hubble

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make a major discovery by the hubble
 

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make a major discovery by the hubble
and uh our top news this morning we will

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and uh our top news this morning we will
 

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and uh our top news this morning we will
also have

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also have
 

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also have
dr renee pronjay who will tell us about

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dr renee pronjay who will tell us about
 

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dr renee pronjay who will tell us about
how cometary debris is making the jovian

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how cometary debris is making the jovian
 

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how cometary debris is making the jovian
aurora light up and uh dr lucy mcfadden

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aurora light up and uh dr lucy mcfadden
 

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aurora light up and uh dr lucy mcfadden
will give us a worldwide wrap up and

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will give us a worldwide wrap up and
 

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will give us a worldwide wrap up and
dave levy will be here for discussions

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dave levy will be here for discussions
 

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dave levy will be here for discussions
on the observing

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on the observing
 

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on the observing
i'd like to go ahead and introduce our

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i'd like to go ahead and introduce our
 

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i'd like to go ahead and introduce our
panel right now

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panel right now
 

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panel right now
to my left dr roger yell with the

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to my left dr roger yell with the
 

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to my left dr roger yell with the
university of arizona he's a scientist

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university of arizona he's a scientist
 

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university of arizona he's a scientist
from the university of arizona and a

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from the university of arizona and a
 

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from the university of arizona and a
member of the hubble space telescope

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member of the hubble space telescope
 

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member of the hubble space telescope
spectroscopy team

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spectroscopy team
 

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spectroscopy team
to his left dr renee pronje from the

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to his left dr renee pronje from the
 

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to his left dr renee pronje from the
institute astrophysics facial and orsay

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institute astrophysics facial and orsay
 

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institute astrophysics facial and orsay
france she's a scientist from the french

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france she's a scientist from the french
 

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france she's a scientist from the french
institute at orsay and a member of the

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institute at orsay and a member of the
 

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institute at orsay and a member of the
hst upper atmosphere imaging team

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hst upper atmosphere imaging team
 

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hst upper atmosphere imaging team
and the center to her left dr steve

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and the center to her left dr steve
 

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and the center to her left dr steve
maron our moderator for today he's a

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maron our moderator for today he's a
 

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maron our moderator for today he's a
senior staff scientist at the goddard

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senior staff scientist at the goddard
 

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senior staff scientist at the goddard
space flight center to his left dr lucy

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space flight center to his left dr lucy
 

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space flight center to his left dr lucy
mcfadden university of maryland and

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mcfadden university of maryland and
 

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mcfadden university of maryland and
university of california a visiting

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university of california a visiting
 

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university of california a visiting
professor at the university of maryland

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professor at the university of maryland
 

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professor at the university of maryland
and coordinator of the worldwide comet

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and coordinator of the worldwide comet
 

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and coordinator of the worldwide comet
observing campaign

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observing campaign
 

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observing campaign
and to her left david levy co-discoverer

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and to her left david levy co-discoverer
 

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and to her left david levy co-discoverer
of the comet and long-time common

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of the comet and long-time common
 

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of the comet and long-time common
observer welcome panelist

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observer welcome panelist
 

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observer welcome panelist
like to uh turn it over to you steve

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like to uh turn it over to you steve
 

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like to uh turn it over to you steve
thank you don

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thank you don
 

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thank you don
uh good morning ladies and gentlemen for

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uh good morning ladies and gentlemen for
 

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uh good morning ladies and gentlemen for
those of you who had the advanced

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those of you who had the advanced
 

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those of you who had the advanced
schedule i'm not eugene shoemaker and i

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schedule i'm not eugene shoemaker and i
 

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schedule i'm not eugene shoemaker and i
won't have any uh

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won't have any uh
 

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won't have any uh
explosive results for you it is a

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explosive results for you it is a
 

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explosive results for you it is a
pleasure

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pleasure
 

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pleasure
uh to be here again uh i've lost count

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uh to be here again uh i've lost count
 

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uh to be here again uh i've lost count
of all these fragments but uh fragment

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of all these fragments but uh fragment
 

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of all these fragments but uh fragment
p2 should have struck within the past

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p2 should have struck within the past
 

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p2 should have struck within the past
hour and as i think you all know many of

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hour and as i think you all know many of
 

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hour and as i think you all know many of
you led with it uh yesterday or or this

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you led with it uh yesterday or or this
 

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you led with it uh yesterday or or this
morning the first of the three uh

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morning the first of the three uh
 

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morning the first of the three uh
uh three other big fragments the qr and

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uh three other big fragments the qr and
 

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uh three other big fragments the qr and
s

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s
 

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s
that will be hitting jupiter at

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that will be hitting jupiter at
 

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that will be hitting jupiter at
intervals of approximately equal to its

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intervals of approximately equal to its
 

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intervals of approximately equal to its
10-hour rotation period so they'll hit

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10-hour rotation period so they'll hit
 

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10-hour rotation period so they'll hit
it nearly the same spot at 10-hour

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it nearly the same spot at 10-hour
 

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it nearly the same spot at 10-hour
intervals that will uh start at about 3

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intervals that will uh start at about 3
 

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intervals that will uh start at about 3
32 eastern daylight

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32 eastern daylight
 

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32 eastern daylight
uh this afternoon we'll hear a little

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uh this afternoon we'll hear a little
 

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uh this afternoon we'll hear a little
bit more about that later now for this

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bit more about that later now for this
 

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bit more about that later now for this
what i personally as an astronomer think

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what i personally as an astronomer think
 

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what i personally as an astronomer think
is a

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is a
 

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is a
very exciting scientific result

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very exciting scientific result
 

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very exciting scientific result
to uh emerge from shoemaker levy there's

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to uh emerge from shoemaker levy there's
 

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to uh emerge from shoemaker levy there's
more to it than just the big show we're

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more to it than just the big show we're
 

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more to it than just the big show we're
fortunate to have roger yell at the

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fortunate to have roger yell at the
 

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fortunate to have roger yell at the
university of arizona

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university of arizona
 

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university of arizona
tell us about this hubble spectroscopy

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tell us about this hubble spectroscopy
 

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tell us about this hubble spectroscopy
result well good morning and as you all

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result well good morning and as you all
 

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result well good morning and as you all
know there's there's two ways two sorts

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know there's there's two ways two sorts
 

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know there's there's two ways two sorts
of information that the hubble space

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of information that the hubble space
 

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of information that the hubble space
telescope has been gathering

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telescope has been gathering
 

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telescope has been gathering
what you've seen mostly is images where

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what you've seen mostly is images where
 

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what you've seen mostly is images where
you see the entire planet and the impact

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you see the entire planet and the impact
 

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you see the entire planet and the impact
site at a very specific color a specific

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site at a very specific color a specific
 

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site at a very specific color a specific
wavelength but also with the

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wavelength but also with the
 

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wavelength but also with the
spectrographs we look at one spot on the

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spectrographs we look at one spot on the
 

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spectrographs we look at one spot on the
planet but look at all the colors all

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planet but look at all the colors all
 

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planet but look at all the colors all
the wavelengths simultaneously and

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the wavelengths simultaneously and
 

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the wavelengths simultaneously and
that's what we call spectroscopy so i'm

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that's what we call spectroscopy so i'm
 

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that's what we call spectroscopy so i'm
going to report on some spectroscopy

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going to report on some spectroscopy
 

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going to report on some spectroscopy
results

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results
 

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results
you can see on the monitor i believe an

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you can see on the monitor i believe an
 

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you can see on the monitor i believe an
image of the g impact site and it's the

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image of the g impact site and it's the
 

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image of the g impact site and it's the
spectroscopy from the g impact site we

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spectroscopy from the g impact site we
 

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spectroscopy from the g impact site we
knew that was going to be a big one so

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knew that was going to be a big one so
 

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knew that was going to be a big one so
we pointed the spectrograph there

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we pointed the spectrograph there
 

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we pointed the spectrograph there
several hours after the impact

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several hours after the impact
 

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several hours after the impact
and um in the next uh could we have the

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and um in the next uh could we have the
 

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and um in the next uh could we have the
next graphic please

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next graphic please
 

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next graphic please
the arrow is pointing to the location of

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the arrow is pointing to the location of
 

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the arrow is pointing to the location of
where our spectra were obtained

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where our spectra were obtained
 

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where our spectra were obtained
spectrograph was a faint spain object

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spectrograph was a faint spain object
 

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spectrograph was a faint spain object
spectrograph

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spectrograph
 

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spectrograph
that's right

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that's right
 

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that's right
um

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um
 

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um
i don't know how to get that on next

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i don't know how to get that on next
 

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i don't know how to get that on next
graphic please

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they'll have it up in a moment

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they'll have it up in a moment
 

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they'll have it up in a moment
okay and what we're going to see in this

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okay and what we're going to see in this
 

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okay and what we're going to see in this
graphic is the distribution of

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graphic is the distribution of
 

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graphic is the distribution of
brightness from this spot as a function

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brightness from this spot as a function
 

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brightness from this spot as a function
of wavelength or color

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of wavelength or color
 

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of wavelength or color
um

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um
 

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um
now

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now
 

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now
different molecules

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different molecules
 

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different molecules
okay there there it is and i'm going to

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okay there there it is and i'm going to
 

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okay there there it is and i'm going to
be talking about

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be talking about
 

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be talking about
that's ultraviolet light this is

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that's ultraviolet light this is
 

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that's ultraviolet light this is
ultraviolet light the uh the wavelength

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ultraviolet light the uh the wavelength
 

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ultraviolet light the uh the wavelength
is probably hard to read off that scale

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is probably hard to read off that scale
 

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is probably hard to read off that scale
off the image there but it goes from

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off the image there but it goes from
 

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off the image there but it goes from
about 150 nanometers to 3000 nanometers

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about 150 nanometers to 3000 nanometers
 

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about 150 nanometers to 3000 nanometers
so this is light that doesn't get

240
00:04:22,710 --> 00:04:22,720
so this is light that doesn't get
 

241
00:04:22,720 --> 00:04:23,749
so this is light that doesn't get
transmitted through the earth's

242
00:04:23,749 --> 00:04:23,759
transmitted through the earth's
 

243
00:04:23,759 --> 00:04:24,950
transmitted through the earth's
atmosphere you need to be above the

244
00:04:24,950 --> 00:04:24,960
atmosphere you need to be above the
 

245
00:04:24,960 --> 00:04:26,790
atmosphere you need to be above the
earth's atmosphere to observe it and

246
00:04:26,790 --> 00:04:26,800
earth's atmosphere to observe it and
 

247
00:04:26,800 --> 00:04:29,189
earth's atmosphere to observe it and
that's why we use the uh

248
00:04:29,189 --> 00:04:29,199
that's why we use the uh
 

249
00:04:29,199 --> 00:04:31,510
that's why we use the uh
the the hubble thin object spectrograph

250
00:04:31,510 --> 00:04:31,520
the the hubble thin object spectrograph
 

251
00:04:31,520 --> 00:04:33,830
the the hubble thin object spectrograph
to make to make these measurements

252
00:04:33,830 --> 00:04:33,840
to make to make these measurements
 

253
00:04:33,840 --> 00:04:37,110
to make to make these measurements
so what we see there is the ratio of the

254
00:04:37,110 --> 00:04:37,120
so what we see there is the ratio of the
 

255
00:04:37,120 --> 00:04:38,870
so what we see there is the ratio of the
light from jupiter

256
00:04:38,870 --> 00:04:38,880
light from jupiter
 

257
00:04:38,880 --> 00:04:40,710
light from jupiter
after the impact to the light from

258
00:04:40,710 --> 00:04:40,720
after the impact to the light from
 

259
00:04:40,720 --> 00:04:42,550
after the impact to the light from
jupiter before the impact

260
00:04:42,550 --> 00:04:42,560
jupiter before the impact
 

261
00:04:42,560 --> 00:04:43,510
jupiter before the impact
and

262
00:04:43,510 --> 00:04:43,520
and
 

263
00:04:43,520 --> 00:04:45,590
and
uh you can see that the ratio is not one

264
00:04:45,590 --> 00:04:45,600
uh you can see that the ratio is not one
 

265
00:04:45,600 --> 00:04:46,710
uh you can see that the ratio is not one
which tells us right away that

266
00:04:46,710 --> 00:04:46,720
which tells us right away that
 

267
00:04:46,720 --> 00:04:48,310
which tells us right away that
something's changed it's less than if it

268
00:04:48,310 --> 00:04:48,320
something's changed it's less than if it
 

269
00:04:48,320 --> 00:04:50,070
something's changed it's less than if it
were one it would be a straight line

270
00:04:50,070 --> 00:04:50,080
were one it would be a straight line
 

271
00:04:50,080 --> 00:04:51,430
were one it would be a straight line
right if it were one it would be a

272
00:04:51,430 --> 00:04:51,440
right if it were one it would be a
 

273
00:04:51,440 --> 00:04:53,590
right if it were one it would be a
straight line across the top of that

274
00:04:53,590 --> 00:04:53,600
straight line across the top of that
 

275
00:04:53,600 --> 00:04:55,830
straight line across the top of that
image it's somewhere varies from about

276
00:04:55,830 --> 00:04:55,840
image it's somewhere varies from about
 

277
00:04:55,840 --> 00:04:58,629
image it's somewhere varies from about
0.2 to i guess 0.7

278
00:04:58,629 --> 00:04:58,639
0.2 to i guess 0.7
 

279
00:04:58,639 --> 00:05:00,790
0.2 to i guess 0.7
so what that tells us is that these

280
00:05:00,790 --> 00:05:00,800
so what that tells us is that these
 

281
00:05:00,800 --> 00:05:03,749
so what that tells us is that these
spots are darker in the uv

282
00:05:03,749 --> 00:05:03,759
spots are darker in the uv
 

283
00:05:03,759 --> 00:05:05,270
spots are darker in the uv
after the impact than they were before

284
00:05:05,270 --> 00:05:05,280
after the impact than they were before
 

285
00:05:05,280 --> 00:05:07,430
after the impact than they were before
and we knew that already from the

286
00:05:07,430 --> 00:05:07,440
and we knew that already from the
 

287
00:05:07,440 --> 00:05:09,590
and we knew that already from the
images it's no surprise but if you look

288
00:05:09,590 --> 00:05:09,600
images it's no surprise but if you look
 

289
00:05:09,600 --> 00:05:11,430
images it's no surprise but if you look
very carefully distribution with light

290
00:05:11,430 --> 00:05:11,440
very carefully distribution with light
 

291
00:05:11,440 --> 00:05:12,550
very carefully distribution with light
with wavelength you can look for

292
00:05:12,550 --> 00:05:12,560
with wavelength you can look for
 

293
00:05:12,560 --> 00:05:15,990
with wavelength you can look for
molecules molecules absorb at specific

294
00:05:15,990 --> 00:05:16,000
molecules molecules absorb at specific
 

295
00:05:16,000 --> 00:05:19,110
molecules molecules absorb at specific
specific wavelengths specific colors

296
00:05:19,110 --> 00:05:19,120
specific wavelengths specific colors
 

297
00:05:19,120 --> 00:05:20,870
specific wavelengths specific colors
that are their own signatures so one

298
00:05:20,870 --> 00:05:20,880
that are their own signatures so one
 

299
00:05:20,880 --> 00:05:22,790
that are their own signatures so one
molecule will absorb at one wavelength

300
00:05:22,790 --> 00:05:22,800
molecule will absorb at one wavelength
 

301
00:05:22,800 --> 00:05:24,950
molecule will absorb at one wavelength
another molecule will absorb at another

302
00:05:24,950 --> 00:05:24,960
another molecule will absorb at another
 

303
00:05:24,960 --> 00:05:26,710
another molecule will absorb at another
wavelength and by analyzing this you can

304
00:05:26,710 --> 00:05:26,720
wavelength and by analyzing this you can
 

305
00:05:26,720 --> 00:05:29,029
wavelength and by analyzing this you can
identify some molecules yesterday keith

306
00:05:29,029 --> 00:05:29,039
identify some molecules yesterday keith
 

307
00:05:29,039 --> 00:05:30,950
identify some molecules yesterday keith
knowl told you about ammonia

308
00:05:30,950 --> 00:05:30,960
knowl told you about ammonia
 

309
00:05:30,960 --> 00:05:34,070
knowl told you about ammonia
which happens to absorb light

310
00:05:34,070 --> 00:05:34,080
which happens to absorb light
 

311
00:05:34,080 --> 00:05:36,390
which happens to absorb light
right around 2000 angstroms where which

312
00:05:36,390 --> 00:05:36,400
right around 2000 angstroms where which
 

313
00:05:36,400 --> 00:05:38,710
right around 2000 angstroms where which
is the minimum in that spectrum there

314
00:05:38,710 --> 00:05:38,720
is the minimum in that spectrum there
 

315
00:05:38,720 --> 00:05:40,310
is the minimum in that spectrum there
and there's there's ripples there if you

316
00:05:40,310 --> 00:05:40,320
and there's there's ripples there if you
 

317
00:05:40,320 --> 00:05:42,629
and there's there's ripples there if you
look here carefully you can see ripples

318
00:05:42,629 --> 00:05:42,639
look here carefully you can see ripples
 

319
00:05:42,639 --> 00:05:44,230
look here carefully you can see ripples
in the spectrum which are characteristic

320
00:05:44,230 --> 00:05:44,240
in the spectrum which are characteristic
 

321
00:05:44,240 --> 00:05:46,230
in the spectrum which are characteristic
of the ammonia what he didn't show you

322
00:05:46,230 --> 00:05:46,240
of the ammonia what he didn't show you
 

323
00:05:46,240 --> 00:05:48,629
of the ammonia what he didn't show you
yesterday were the larger ripples to the

324
00:05:48,629 --> 00:05:48,639
yesterday were the larger ripples to the
 

325
00:05:48,639 --> 00:05:49,430
yesterday were the larger ripples to the
right

326
00:05:49,430 --> 00:05:49,440
right
 

327
00:05:49,440 --> 00:05:54,790
right
at about 27 270 nanometers

328
00:05:54,790 --> 00:05:54,800
at about 27 270 nanometers
 

329
00:05:54,800 --> 00:05:55,670
at about 27 270 nanometers
um

330
00:05:55,670 --> 00:05:55,680
um
 

331
00:05:55,680 --> 00:05:57,510
um
they're about well i think they're

332
00:05:57,510 --> 00:05:57,520
they're about well i think they're
 

333
00:05:57,520 --> 00:05:58,950
they're about well i think they're
fairly obvious there it looks sort of

334
00:05:58,950 --> 00:05:58,960
fairly obvious there it looks sort of
 

335
00:05:58,960 --> 00:06:00,870
fairly obvious there it looks sort of
like fish bones or something

336
00:06:00,870 --> 00:06:00,880
like fish bones or something
 

337
00:06:00,880 --> 00:06:01,990
like fish bones or something
um

338
00:06:01,990 --> 00:06:02,000
um
 

339
00:06:02,000 --> 00:06:03,430
um
and that was very exciting when we saw

340
00:06:03,430 --> 00:06:03,440
and that was very exciting when we saw
 

341
00:06:03,440 --> 00:06:05,270
and that was very exciting when we saw
that yesterday but we had no idea what

342
00:06:05,270 --> 00:06:05,280
that yesterday but we had no idea what
 

343
00:06:05,280 --> 00:06:08,390
that yesterday but we had no idea what
it was and so we spent the last 48 hours

344
00:06:08,390 --> 00:06:08,400
it was and so we spent the last 48 hours
 

345
00:06:08,400 --> 00:06:09,990
it was and so we spent the last 48 hours
or so trying to figure out what this

346
00:06:09,990 --> 00:06:10,000
or so trying to figure out what this
 

347
00:06:10,000 --> 00:06:11,749
or so trying to figure out what this
molecule was

348
00:06:11,749 --> 00:06:11,759
molecule was
 

349
00:06:11,759 --> 00:06:14,230
molecule was
and it was some something of a mystery

350
00:06:14,230 --> 00:06:14,240
and it was some something of a mystery
 

351
00:06:14,240 --> 00:06:17,110
and it was some something of a mystery
there are a few clues that you can that

352
00:06:17,110 --> 00:06:17,120
there are a few clues that you can that
 

353
00:06:17,120 --> 00:06:18,870
there are a few clues that you can that
we went by in the spectrum first of all

354
00:06:18,870 --> 00:06:18,880
we went by in the spectrum first of all
 

355
00:06:18,880 --> 00:06:21,909
we went by in the spectrum first of all
it's very regular spacing of ripples in

356
00:06:21,909 --> 00:06:21,919
it's very regular spacing of ripples in
 

357
00:06:21,919 --> 00:06:23,189
it's very regular spacing of ripples in
that and that tells you that it's a

358
00:06:23,189 --> 00:06:23,199
that and that tells you that it's a
 

359
00:06:23,199 --> 00:06:25,670
that and that tells you that it's a
simple molecule secondly the ripples are

360
00:06:25,670 --> 00:06:25,680
simple molecule secondly the ripples are
 

361
00:06:25,680 --> 00:06:27,350
simple molecule secondly the ripples are
close together and that tells you that

362
00:06:27,350 --> 00:06:27,360
close together and that tells you that
 

363
00:06:27,360 --> 00:06:29,029
close together and that tells you that
it's a heavy molecule

364
00:06:29,029 --> 00:06:29,039
it's a heavy molecule
 

365
00:06:29,039 --> 00:06:30,230
it's a heavy molecule
so

366
00:06:30,230 --> 00:06:30,240
so
 

367
00:06:30,240 --> 00:06:32,469
so
armed with that that eliminates

368
00:06:32,469 --> 00:06:32,479
armed with that that eliminates
 

369
00:06:32,479 --> 00:06:34,390
armed with that that eliminates
some number of molecules in the universe

370
00:06:34,390 --> 00:06:34,400
some number of molecules in the universe
 

371
00:06:34,400 --> 00:06:35,830
some number of molecules in the universe
but um

372
00:06:35,830 --> 00:06:35,840
but um
 

373
00:06:35,840 --> 00:06:37,990
but um
i should have said first of all that we

374
00:06:37,990 --> 00:06:38,000
i should have said first of all that we
 

375
00:06:38,000 --> 00:06:39,430
i should have said first of all that we
had expectations about what we were

376
00:06:39,430 --> 00:06:39,440
had expectations about what we were
 

377
00:06:39,440 --> 00:06:41,909
had expectations about what we were
going to see um we knew what molecules

378
00:06:41,909 --> 00:06:41,919
going to see um we knew what molecules
 

379
00:06:41,919 --> 00:06:43,430
going to see um we knew what molecules
to look for and where to look for them

380
00:06:43,430 --> 00:06:43,440
to look for and where to look for them
 

381
00:06:43,440 --> 00:06:45,189
to look for and where to look for them
and we didn't see those we saw ammonia

382
00:06:45,189 --> 00:06:45,199
and we didn't see those we saw ammonia
 

383
00:06:45,199 --> 00:06:47,029
and we didn't see those we saw ammonia
which was expected but this is something

384
00:06:47,029 --> 00:06:47,039
which was expected but this is something
 

385
00:06:47,039 --> 00:06:49,029
which was expected but this is something
that was totally unexpected so we didn't

386
00:06:49,029 --> 00:06:49,039
that was totally unexpected so we didn't
 

387
00:06:49,039 --> 00:06:50,790
that was totally unexpected so we didn't
we didn't recognize it right away we had

388
00:06:50,790 --> 00:06:50,800
we didn't recognize it right away we had
 

389
00:06:50,800 --> 00:06:52,230
we didn't recognize it right away we had
to go off and search

390
00:06:52,230 --> 00:06:52,240
to go off and search
 

391
00:06:52,240 --> 00:06:54,390
to go off and search
spectra of all the molecules that we

392
00:06:54,390 --> 00:06:54,400
spectra of all the molecules that we
 

393
00:06:54,400 --> 00:06:56,469
spectra of all the molecules that we
could think of to find out what this was

394
00:06:56,469 --> 00:06:56,479
could think of to find out what this was
 

395
00:06:56,479 --> 00:06:59,990
could think of to find out what this was
and none of the simple ones matched up

396
00:06:59,990 --> 00:07:00,000
and none of the simple ones matched up
 

397
00:07:00,000 --> 00:07:02,070
and none of the simple ones matched up
so we got more and more complex uh

398
00:07:02,070 --> 00:07:02,080
so we got more and more complex uh
 

399
00:07:02,080 --> 00:07:04,550
so we got more and more complex uh
perplexed and kept looking

400
00:07:04,550 --> 00:07:04,560
perplexed and kept looking
 

401
00:07:04,560 --> 00:07:06,230
perplexed and kept looking
but as i said we had these clues it's

402
00:07:06,230 --> 00:07:06,240
but as i said we had these clues it's
 

403
00:07:06,240 --> 00:07:09,110
but as i said we had these clues it's
heavy uh and it's simple and finally um

404
00:07:09,110 --> 00:07:09,120
heavy uh and it's simple and finally um
 

405
00:07:09,120 --> 00:07:10,390
heavy uh and it's simple and finally um
about three o'clock in the morning we

406
00:07:10,390 --> 00:07:10,400
about three o'clock in the morning we
 

407
00:07:10,400 --> 00:07:13,670
about three o'clock in the morning we
started zeroing in on sulfur and in fact

408
00:07:13,670 --> 00:07:13,680
started zeroing in on sulfur and in fact
 

409
00:07:13,680 --> 00:07:15,749
started zeroing in on sulfur and in fact
it's a very those uh features are very

410
00:07:15,749 --> 00:07:15,759
it's a very those uh features are very
 

411
00:07:15,759 --> 00:07:19,029
it's a very those uh features are very
good match to the spectrum of sulfur

412
00:07:19,029 --> 00:07:19,039
good match to the spectrum of sulfur
 

413
00:07:19,039 --> 00:07:21,909
good match to the spectrum of sulfur
sulfur gas s2 the s2 molecule

414
00:07:21,909 --> 00:07:21,919
sulfur gas s2 the s2 molecule
 

415
00:07:21,919 --> 00:07:25,029
sulfur gas s2 the s2 molecule
sometimes called the dimer the two

416
00:07:25,029 --> 00:07:25,039
sometimes called the dimer the two
 

417
00:07:25,039 --> 00:07:26,950
sometimes called the dimer the two
similar molecules so similar atoms in

418
00:07:26,950 --> 00:07:26,960
similar molecules so similar atoms in
 

419
00:07:26,960 --> 00:07:29,270
similar molecules so similar atoms in
the same molecule um

420
00:07:29,270 --> 00:07:29,280
the same molecule um
 

421
00:07:29,280 --> 00:07:34,230
the same molecule um
no it's not

422
00:07:34,230 --> 00:07:34,240

 

423
00:07:34,240 --> 00:07:35,110

um

424
00:07:35,110 --> 00:07:35,120
um
 

425
00:07:35,120 --> 00:07:36,629
um
can't get them all it's a diatomic

426
00:07:36,629 --> 00:07:36,639
can't get them all it's a diatomic
 

427
00:07:36,639 --> 00:07:38,070
can't get them all it's a diatomic
molecule

428
00:07:38,070 --> 00:07:38,080
molecule
 

429
00:07:38,080 --> 00:07:39,990
molecule
it's um

430
00:07:39,990 --> 00:07:40,000
it's um
 

431
00:07:40,000 --> 00:07:42,790
it's um
anyway so so that's a definite detection

432
00:07:42,790 --> 00:07:42,800
anyway so so that's a definite detection
 

433
00:07:42,800 --> 00:07:45,670
anyway so so that's a definite detection
of s2 molecule in in the atmosphere of

434
00:07:45,670 --> 00:07:45,680
of s2 molecule in in the atmosphere of
 

435
00:07:45,680 --> 00:07:46,710
of s2 molecule in in the atmosphere of
jupiter

436
00:07:46,710 --> 00:07:46,720
jupiter
 

437
00:07:46,720 --> 00:07:47,510
jupiter
now

438
00:07:47,510 --> 00:07:47,520
now
 

439
00:07:47,520 --> 00:07:49,350
now
also there's there's some more structure

440
00:07:49,350 --> 00:07:49,360
also there's there's some more structure
 

441
00:07:49,360 --> 00:07:52,710
also there's there's some more structure
around

442
00:07:52,710 --> 00:07:52,720

 

443
00:07:52,720 --> 00:07:54,390

in addition to ammonia at the shorter

444
00:07:54,390 --> 00:07:54,400
in addition to ammonia at the shorter
 

445
00:07:54,400 --> 00:07:56,309
in addition to ammonia at the shorter
wavelengths where that big minimum is

446
00:07:56,309 --> 00:07:56,319
wavelengths where that big minimum is
 

447
00:07:56,319 --> 00:07:57,830
wavelengths where that big minimum is
and by looking carefully at that we

448
00:07:57,830 --> 00:07:57,840
and by looking carefully at that we
 

449
00:07:57,840 --> 00:07:59,350
and by looking carefully at that we
think that there's probably some

450
00:07:59,350 --> 00:07:59,360
think that there's probably some
 

451
00:07:59,360 --> 00:08:02,230
think that there's probably some
hydrogen sulfide h2s in the spectrum at

452
00:08:02,230 --> 00:08:02,240
hydrogen sulfide h2s in the spectrum at
 

453
00:08:02,240 --> 00:08:04,230
hydrogen sulfide h2s in the spectrum at
that location that's not as clear-cut as

454
00:08:04,230 --> 00:08:04,240
that location that's not as clear-cut as
 

455
00:08:04,240 --> 00:08:05,510
that location that's not as clear-cut as
the s2

456
00:08:05,510 --> 00:08:05,520
the s2
 

457
00:08:05,520 --> 00:08:07,830
the s2
but um

458
00:08:07,830 --> 00:08:07,840
but um
 

459
00:08:07,840 --> 00:08:10,629
but um
but nevertheless it it may be there the

460
00:08:10,629 --> 00:08:10,639
but nevertheless it it may be there the
 

461
00:08:10,639 --> 00:08:12,390
but nevertheless it it may be there the
spectrum is consistent with the presence

462
00:08:12,390 --> 00:08:12,400
spectrum is consistent with the presence
 

463
00:08:12,400 --> 00:08:14,550
spectrum is consistent with the presence
of hydrogen sulfide we haven't it might

464
00:08:14,550 --> 00:08:14,560
of hydrogen sulfide we haven't it might
 

465
00:08:14,560 --> 00:08:16,070
of hydrogen sulfide we haven't it might
be possible to explain it with something

466
00:08:16,070 --> 00:08:16,080
be possible to explain it with something
 

467
00:08:16,080 --> 00:08:17,670
be possible to explain it with something
else also and we're not sure of that yet

468
00:08:17,670 --> 00:08:17,680
else also and we're not sure of that yet
 

469
00:08:17,680 --> 00:08:20,309
else also and we're not sure of that yet
but but it seems to be consistent with

470
00:08:20,309 --> 00:08:20,319
but but it seems to be consistent with
 

471
00:08:20,319 --> 00:08:23,510
but but it seems to be consistent with
hydrogen sulfide

472
00:08:23,510 --> 00:08:23,520

 

473
00:08:23,520 --> 00:08:24,830

hey thank you

474
00:08:24,830 --> 00:08:24,840
hey thank you
 

475
00:08:24,840 --> 00:08:28,150
hey thank you
roger s2 was found in comet irs iraqi

476
00:08:28,150 --> 00:08:28,160
roger s2 was found in comet irs iraqi
 

477
00:08:28,160 --> 00:08:30,629
roger s2 was found in comet irs iraqi
alcock yes that's that's true it uh has

478
00:08:30,629 --> 00:08:30,639
alcock yes that's that's true it uh has
 

479
00:08:30,639 --> 00:08:33,029
alcock yes that's that's true it uh has
been seen in one comet before

480
00:08:33,029 --> 00:08:33,039
been seen in one comet before
 

481
00:08:33,039 --> 00:08:34,949
been seen in one comet before
sulfur is

482
00:08:34,949 --> 00:08:34,959
sulfur is
 

483
00:08:34,959 --> 00:08:36,149
sulfur is
is um

484
00:08:36,149 --> 00:08:36,159
is um
 

485
00:08:36,159 --> 00:08:39,509
is um
seen in all most comets i believe in uh

486
00:08:39,509 --> 00:08:39,519
seen in all most comets i believe in uh
 

487
00:08:39,519 --> 00:08:41,589
seen in all most comets i believe in uh
although not in the s2 molecule and

488
00:08:41,589 --> 00:08:41,599
although not in the s2 molecule and
 

489
00:08:41,599 --> 00:08:43,269
although not in the s2 molecule and
we're going to have to do some work to

490
00:08:43,269 --> 00:08:43,279
we're going to have to do some work to
 

491
00:08:43,279 --> 00:08:44,790
we're going to have to do some work to
try to determine whether this sulfur

492
00:08:44,790 --> 00:08:44,800
try to determine whether this sulfur
 

493
00:08:44,800 --> 00:08:46,230
try to determine whether this sulfur
there's of course sulfur also in the

494
00:08:46,230 --> 00:08:46,240
there's of course sulfur also in the
 

495
00:08:46,240 --> 00:08:48,230
there's of course sulfur also in the
atmosphere of jupiter and it's not

496
00:08:48,230 --> 00:08:48,240
atmosphere of jupiter and it's not
 

497
00:08:48,240 --> 00:08:50,230
atmosphere of jupiter and it's not
obvious just from this result at this

498
00:08:50,230 --> 00:08:50,240
obvious just from this result at this
 

499
00:08:50,240 --> 00:08:52,150
obvious just from this result at this
point whether the sulfur is from the

500
00:08:52,150 --> 00:08:52,160
point whether the sulfur is from the
 

501
00:08:52,160 --> 00:08:54,550
point whether the sulfur is from the
comet or from the atmosphere

502
00:08:54,550 --> 00:08:54,560
comet or from the atmosphere
 

503
00:08:54,560 --> 00:08:55,829
comet or from the atmosphere
okay and of course

504
00:08:55,829 --> 00:08:55,839
okay and of course
 

505
00:08:55,839 --> 00:08:58,230
okay and of course
as everyone knows hubble doesn't just

506
00:08:58,230 --> 00:08:58,240
as everyone knows hubble doesn't just
 

507
00:08:58,240 --> 00:09:00,870
as everyone knows hubble doesn't just
take spectra it also takes images

508
00:09:00,870 --> 00:09:00,880
take spectra it also takes images
 

509
00:09:00,880 --> 00:09:02,949
take spectra it also takes images
and one of the areas of the study the

510
00:09:02,949 --> 00:09:02,959
and one of the areas of the study the
 

511
00:09:02,959 --> 00:09:05,030
and one of the areas of the study the
comet i think we have not heard about in

512
00:09:05,030 --> 00:09:05,040
comet i think we have not heard about in
 

513
00:09:05,040 --> 00:09:06,870
comet i think we have not heard about in
these briefings thus far because we

514
00:09:06,870 --> 00:09:06,880
these briefings thus far because we
 

515
00:09:06,880 --> 00:09:09,269
these briefings thus far because we
haven't had a lot of news in that area

516
00:09:09,269 --> 00:09:09,279
haven't had a lot of news in that area
 

517
00:09:09,279 --> 00:09:11,829
haven't had a lot of news in that area
has to do with the effects involving the

518
00:09:11,829 --> 00:09:11,839
has to do with the effects involving the
 

519
00:09:11,839 --> 00:09:13,430
has to do with the effects involving the
magnetic field of jupiter and the

520
00:09:13,430 --> 00:09:13,440
magnetic field of jupiter and the
 

521
00:09:13,440 --> 00:09:17,110
magnetic field of jupiter and the
interaction with the comet and dr renee

522
00:09:17,110 --> 00:09:17,120
interaction with the comet and dr renee
 

523
00:09:17,120 --> 00:09:18,870
interaction with the comet and dr renee
pranget from the onset of destro

524
00:09:18,870 --> 00:09:18,880
pranget from the onset of destro
 

525
00:09:18,880 --> 00:09:21,829
pranget from the onset of destro
physique spatial and or say who can

526
00:09:21,829 --> 00:09:21,839
physique spatial and or say who can
 

527
00:09:21,839 --> 00:09:23,430
physique spatial and or say who can
pronounce all those words much better

528
00:09:23,430 --> 00:09:23,440
pronounce all those words much better
 

529
00:09:23,440 --> 00:09:24,389
pronounce all those words much better
than i

530
00:09:24,389 --> 00:09:24,399
than i
 

531
00:09:24,399 --> 00:09:27,030
than i
is involved in the hubble imaging team

532
00:09:27,030 --> 00:09:27,040
is involved in the hubble imaging team
 

533
00:09:27,040 --> 00:09:29,030
is involved in the hubble imaging team
working on these problems and tell us

534
00:09:29,030 --> 00:09:29,040
working on these problems and tell us
 

535
00:09:29,040 --> 00:09:30,550
working on these problems and tell us
what you've been learning

536
00:09:30,550 --> 00:09:30,560
what you've been learning
 

537
00:09:30,560 --> 00:09:31,910
what you've been learning
okay

538
00:09:31,910 --> 00:09:31,920
okay
 

539
00:09:31,920 --> 00:09:34,470
okay
it's right but our one of our major

540
00:09:34,470 --> 00:09:34,480
it's right but our one of our major
 

541
00:09:34,480 --> 00:09:36,710
it's right but our one of our major
interests in the in the observation

542
00:09:36,710 --> 00:09:36,720
interests in the in the observation
 

543
00:09:36,720 --> 00:09:38,389
interests in the in the observation
on top of uh

544
00:09:38,389 --> 00:09:38,399
on top of uh
 

545
00:09:38,399 --> 00:09:39,990
on top of uh
studying the up atmosphere of jupiter

546
00:09:39,990 --> 00:09:40,000
studying the up atmosphere of jupiter
 

547
00:09:40,000 --> 00:09:42,389
studying the up atmosphere of jupiter
was to understand the physics at work in

548
00:09:42,389 --> 00:09:42,399
was to understand the physics at work in
 

549
00:09:42,399 --> 00:09:44,230
was to understand the physics at work in
the meritosphere and since the

550
00:09:44,230 --> 00:09:44,240
the meritosphere and since the
 

551
00:09:44,240 --> 00:09:47,110
the meritosphere and since the
magnetosphere is not a trivial

552
00:09:47,110 --> 00:09:47,120
magnetosphere is not a trivial
 

553
00:09:47,120 --> 00:09:49,509
magnetosphere is not a trivial
object i will just briefly put it into

554
00:09:49,509 --> 00:09:49,519
object i will just briefly put it into
 

555
00:09:49,519 --> 00:09:51,030
object i will just briefly put it into
context before i discuss the

556
00:09:51,030 --> 00:09:51,040
context before i discuss the
 

557
00:09:51,040 --> 00:09:53,670
context before i discuss the
observations jupiter like the earth is a

558
00:09:53,670 --> 00:09:53,680
observations jupiter like the earth is a
 

559
00:09:53,680 --> 00:09:55,750
observations jupiter like the earth is a
very strong magnet and the magnetic

560
00:09:55,750 --> 00:09:55,760
very strong magnet and the magnetic
 

561
00:09:55,760 --> 00:09:57,829
very strong magnet and the magnetic
field lines delineate cars cavity in the

562
00:09:57,829 --> 00:09:57,839
field lines delineate cars cavity in the
 

563
00:09:57,839 --> 00:09:58,949
field lines delineate cars cavity in the
surface

564
00:09:58,949 --> 00:09:58,959
surface
 

565
00:09:58,959 --> 00:10:01,430
surface
where a lot of plasma which plasma

566
00:10:01,430 --> 00:10:01,440
where a lot of plasma which plasma
 

567
00:10:01,440 --> 00:10:02,870
where a lot of plasma which plasma
dragon is a

568
00:10:02,870 --> 00:10:02,880
dragon is a
 

569
00:10:02,880 --> 00:10:06,069
dragon is a
tenuous ionized gas of electrons and

570
00:10:06,069 --> 00:10:06,079
tenuous ionized gas of electrons and
 

571
00:10:06,079 --> 00:10:07,910
tenuous ionized gas of electrons and
ions are confined

572
00:10:07,910 --> 00:10:07,920
ions are confined
 

573
00:10:07,920 --> 00:10:09,829
ions are confined
this cavity is very extended it's

574
00:10:09,829 --> 00:10:09,839
this cavity is very extended it's
 

575
00:10:09,839 --> 00:10:11,590
this cavity is very extended it's
millions of kilometers in diameter it's

576
00:10:11,590 --> 00:10:11,600
millions of kilometers in diameter it's
 

577
00:10:11,600 --> 00:10:13,269
millions of kilometers in diameter it's
five times the sun

578
00:10:13,269 --> 00:10:13,279
five times the sun
 

579
00:10:13,279 --> 00:10:15,670
five times the sun
and the tails extends

580
00:10:15,670 --> 00:10:15,680
and the tails extends
 

581
00:10:15,680 --> 00:10:18,389
and the tails extends
still farther at times it goes up

582
00:10:18,389 --> 00:10:18,399
still farther at times it goes up
 

583
00:10:18,399 --> 00:10:20,949
still farther at times it goes up
up or down as you would like to saturn

584
00:10:20,949 --> 00:10:20,959
up or down as you would like to saturn
 

585
00:10:20,959 --> 00:10:23,750
up or down as you would like to saturn
which is five astronomical units

586
00:10:23,750 --> 00:10:23,760
which is five astronomical units
 

587
00:10:23,760 --> 00:10:25,990
which is five astronomical units
so the magnetosphere of any magnus

588
00:10:25,990 --> 00:10:26,000
so the magnetosphere of any magnus
 

589
00:10:26,000 --> 00:10:28,470
so the magnetosphere of any magnus
planet is a huge natural laboratory from

590
00:10:28,470 --> 00:10:28,480
planet is a huge natural laboratory from
 

591
00:10:28,480 --> 00:10:29,990
planet is a huge natural laboratory from
plasma physics and that's why we're

592
00:10:29,990 --> 00:10:30,000
plasma physics and that's why we're
 

593
00:10:30,000 --> 00:10:31,990
plasma physics and that's why we're
interested in that

594
00:10:31,990 --> 00:10:32,000
interested in that
 

595
00:10:32,000 --> 00:10:34,069
interested in that
unlike the atmosphere that you have seen

596
00:10:34,069 --> 00:10:34,079
unlike the atmosphere that you have seen
 

597
00:10:34,079 --> 00:10:35,829
unlike the atmosphere that you have seen
a lot in the last few days the minor

598
00:10:35,829 --> 00:10:35,839
a lot in the last few days the minor
 

599
00:10:35,839 --> 00:10:37,590
a lot in the last few days the minor
sphere of jupiter is not visible

600
00:10:37,590 --> 00:10:37,600
sphere of jupiter is not visible
 

601
00:10:37,600 --> 00:10:39,670
sphere of jupiter is not visible
practically invisible at all wavelengths

602
00:10:39,670 --> 00:10:39,680
practically invisible at all wavelengths
 

603
00:10:39,680 --> 00:10:41,430
practically invisible at all wavelengths
except in the dissymmetric radio

604
00:10:41,430 --> 00:10:41,440
except in the dissymmetric radio
 

605
00:10:41,440 --> 00:10:43,990
except in the dissymmetric radio
wavelength which is which has been used

606
00:10:43,990 --> 00:10:44,000
wavelength which is which has been used
 

607
00:10:44,000 --> 00:10:46,389
wavelength which is which has been used
to discover the magnetic field jupiter

608
00:10:46,389 --> 00:10:46,399
to discover the magnetic field jupiter
 

609
00:10:46,399 --> 00:10:49,430
to discover the magnetic field jupiter
so we can only study the magnetosphere

610
00:10:49,430 --> 00:10:49,440
so we can only study the magnetosphere
 

611
00:10:49,440 --> 00:10:51,590
so we can only study the magnetosphere
by deep space mission in situ

612
00:10:51,590 --> 00:10:51,600
by deep space mission in situ
 

613
00:10:51,600 --> 00:10:53,509
by deep space mission in situ
measurements or

614
00:10:53,509 --> 00:10:53,519
measurements or
 

615
00:10:53,519 --> 00:10:54,310
measurements or
by

616
00:10:54,310 --> 00:10:54,320
by
 

617
00:10:54,320 --> 00:10:57,509
by
monitoring remotely the oral emissions

618
00:10:57,509 --> 00:10:57,519
monitoring remotely the oral emissions
 

619
00:10:57,519 --> 00:11:00,310
monitoring remotely the oral emissions
and that's why we are interested in that

620
00:11:00,310 --> 00:11:00,320
and that's why we are interested in that
 

621
00:11:00,320 --> 00:11:01,590
and that's why we are interested in that
the arrays

622
00:11:01,590 --> 00:11:01,600
the arrays
 

623
00:11:01,600 --> 00:11:05,030
the arrays
that you again are like the orion earth

624
00:11:05,030 --> 00:11:05,040
that you again are like the orion earth
 

625
00:11:05,040 --> 00:11:08,630
that you again are like the orion earth
or which are also because polar lights

626
00:11:08,630 --> 00:11:08,640
or which are also because polar lights
 

627
00:11:08,640 --> 00:11:10,470
or which are also because polar lights
they are at the end of the chain of

628
00:11:10,470 --> 00:11:10,480
they are at the end of the chain of
 

629
00:11:10,480 --> 00:11:12,550
they are at the end of the chain of
processes in magnetosphere

630
00:11:12,550 --> 00:11:12,560
processes in magnetosphere
 

631
00:11:12,560 --> 00:11:14,389
processes in magnetosphere
it's at the at the place where

632
00:11:14,389 --> 00:11:14,399
it's at the at the place where
 

633
00:11:14,399 --> 00:11:16,710
it's at the at the place where
energetic chart particles

634
00:11:16,710 --> 00:11:16,720
energetic chart particles
 

635
00:11:16,720 --> 00:11:19,750
energetic chart particles
so electron and ions finally fall and we

636
00:11:19,750 --> 00:11:19,760
so electron and ions finally fall and we
 

637
00:11:19,760 --> 00:11:20,550
so electron and ions finally fall and we
say

638
00:11:20,550 --> 00:11:20,560
say
 

639
00:11:20,560 --> 00:11:21,910
say
precipitate

640
00:11:21,910 --> 00:11:21,920
precipitate
 

641
00:11:21,920 --> 00:11:24,069
precipitate
on the top of the upper atmosphere and

642
00:11:24,069 --> 00:11:24,079
on the top of the upper atmosphere and
 

643
00:11:24,079 --> 00:11:25,430
on the top of the upper atmosphere and
the energy of the collision of these

644
00:11:25,430 --> 00:11:25,440
the energy of the collision of these
 

645
00:11:25,440 --> 00:11:27,030
the energy of the collision of these
particles and the constituents the

646
00:11:27,030 --> 00:11:27,040
particles and the constituents the
 

647
00:11:27,040 --> 00:11:29,269
particles and the constituents the
species of the atmosphere

648
00:11:29,269 --> 00:11:29,279
species of the atmosphere
 

649
00:11:29,279 --> 00:11:31,430
species of the atmosphere
makes the atmosphere shine

650
00:11:31,430 --> 00:11:31,440
makes the atmosphere shine
 

651
00:11:31,440 --> 00:11:34,150
makes the atmosphere shine
either in the uv or indian fried not in

652
00:11:34,150 --> 00:11:34,160
either in the uv or indian fried not in
 

653
00:11:34,160 --> 00:11:36,389
either in the uv or indian fried not in
the visible spectrum

654
00:11:36,389 --> 00:11:36,399
the visible spectrum
 

655
00:11:36,399 --> 00:11:37,269
the visible spectrum
and

656
00:11:37,269 --> 00:11:37,279
and
 

657
00:11:37,279 --> 00:11:39,269
and
you can see on this

658
00:11:39,269 --> 00:11:39,279
you can see on this
 

659
00:11:39,279 --> 00:11:41,030
you can see on this
picture which is on top which is an

660
00:11:41,030 --> 00:11:41,040
picture which is on top which is an
 

661
00:11:41,040 --> 00:11:44,069
picture which is on top which is an
image of the with peak 2 camera

662
00:11:44,069 --> 00:11:44,079
image of the with peak 2 camera
 

663
00:11:44,079 --> 00:11:46,310
image of the with peak 2 camera
about around

664
00:11:46,310 --> 00:11:46,320
about around
 

665
00:11:46,320 --> 00:11:48,790
about around
below 2000 angstrom in the far ultra

666
00:11:48,790 --> 00:11:48,800
below 2000 angstrom in the far ultra
 

667
00:11:48,800 --> 00:11:49,750
below 2000 angstrom in the far ultra
violet

668
00:11:49,750 --> 00:11:49,760
violet
 

669
00:11:49,760 --> 00:11:51,190
violet
so it's not visible

670
00:11:51,190 --> 00:11:51,200
so it's not visible
 

671
00:11:51,200 --> 00:11:53,350
so it's not visible
just by naked eyes

672
00:11:53,350 --> 00:11:53,360
just by naked eyes
 

673
00:11:53,360 --> 00:11:57,030
just by naked eyes
on both sides and polar the polar

674
00:11:57,030 --> 00:11:57,040
on both sides and polar the polar
 

675
00:11:57,040 --> 00:11:59,030
on both sides and polar the polar
region north and south you can see this

676
00:11:59,030 --> 00:11:59,040
region north and south you can see this
 

677
00:11:59,040 --> 00:12:01,910
region north and south you can see this
light kinds of ovals with spots which

678
00:12:01,910 --> 00:12:01,920
light kinds of ovals with spots which
 

679
00:12:01,920 --> 00:12:04,069
light kinds of ovals with spots which
are the footprint of magnetic field

680
00:12:04,069 --> 00:12:04,079
are the footprint of magnetic field
 

681
00:12:04,079 --> 00:12:05,910
are the footprint of magnetic field
lines will go far away in the

682
00:12:05,910 --> 00:12:05,920
lines will go far away in the
 

683
00:12:05,920 --> 00:12:08,310
lines will go far away in the
magnetosphere jupiter and where the

684
00:12:08,310 --> 00:12:08,320
magnetosphere jupiter and where the
 

685
00:12:08,320 --> 00:12:09,590
magnetosphere jupiter and where the
particles

686
00:12:09,590 --> 00:12:09,600
particles
 

687
00:12:09,600 --> 00:12:11,110
particles
which are along these magnetic field

688
00:12:11,110 --> 00:12:11,120
which are along these magnetic field
 

689
00:12:11,120 --> 00:12:13,750
which are along these magnetic field
lines they fall down and they impact the

690
00:12:13,750 --> 00:12:13,760
lines they fall down and they impact the
 

691
00:12:13,760 --> 00:12:15,509
lines they fall down and they impact the
atmosphere they make it shine

692
00:12:15,509 --> 00:12:15,519
atmosphere they make it shine
 

693
00:12:15,519 --> 00:12:17,430
atmosphere they make it shine
for us it's a signature what happens in

694
00:12:17,430 --> 00:12:17,440
for us it's a signature what happens in
 

695
00:12:17,440 --> 00:12:21,269
for us it's a signature what happens in
the magnetosphere

696
00:12:21,269 --> 00:12:21,279

 

697
00:12:21,279 --> 00:12:23,110

we have been using two cameras we have

698
00:12:23,110 --> 00:12:23,120
we have been using two cameras we have
 

699
00:12:23,120 --> 00:12:24,470
we have been using two cameras we have
been using the with pic 2 which is the

700
00:12:24,470 --> 00:12:24,480
been using the with pic 2 which is the
 

701
00:12:24,480 --> 00:12:25,750
been using the with pic 2 which is the
american

702
00:12:25,750 --> 00:12:25,760
american
 

703
00:12:25,760 --> 00:12:27,750
american
camera we have been also using the faint

704
00:12:27,750 --> 00:12:27,760
camera we have been also using the faint
 

705
00:12:27,760 --> 00:12:29,750
camera we have been also using the faint
of the camera which is the european

706
00:12:29,750 --> 00:12:29,760
of the camera which is the european
 

707
00:12:29,760 --> 00:12:32,069
of the camera which is the european
camera on board

708
00:12:32,069 --> 00:12:32,079
camera on board
 

709
00:12:32,079 --> 00:12:33,509
camera on board
hst

710
00:12:33,509 --> 00:12:33,519
hst
 

711
00:12:33,519 --> 00:12:35,990
hst
this is an image which has been taken

712
00:12:35,990 --> 00:12:36,000
this is an image which has been taken
 

713
00:12:36,000 --> 00:12:37,750
this is an image which has been taken
on july 13

714
00:12:37,750 --> 00:12:37,760
on july 13
 

715
00:12:37,760 --> 00:12:39,430
on july 13
before the impact two days before the

716
00:12:39,430 --> 00:12:39,440
before the impact two days before the
 

717
00:12:39,440 --> 00:12:40,870
before the impact two days before the
first impact

718
00:12:40,870 --> 00:12:40,880
first impact
 

719
00:12:40,880 --> 00:12:41,910
first impact
and

720
00:12:41,910 --> 00:12:41,920
and
 

721
00:12:41,920 --> 00:12:46,150
and
already one week after the first uh

722
00:12:46,150 --> 00:12:46,160
already one week after the first uh
 

723
00:12:46,160 --> 00:12:47,910
already one week after the first uh
dust been

724
00:12:47,910 --> 00:12:47,920
dust been
 

725
00:12:47,920 --> 00:12:49,350
dust been
consistent

726
00:12:49,350 --> 00:12:49,360
consistent
 

727
00:12:49,360 --> 00:12:50,550
consistent
sufficient dust was inside the

728
00:12:50,550 --> 00:12:50,560
sufficient dust was inside the
 

729
00:12:50,560 --> 00:12:52,790
sufficient dust was inside the
magnetosphere that you could expect some

730
00:12:52,790 --> 00:12:52,800
magnetosphere that you could expect some
 

731
00:12:52,800 --> 00:12:54,710
magnetosphere that you could expect some
effect from the dust with the plasma in

732
00:12:54,710 --> 00:12:54,720
effect from the dust with the plasma in
 

733
00:12:54,720 --> 00:12:55,990
effect from the dust with the plasma in
the magnetosphere there had been a lot

734
00:12:55,990 --> 00:12:56,000
the magnetosphere there had been a lot
 

735
00:12:56,000 --> 00:12:57,430
the magnetosphere there had been a lot
of prediction of what could happen in

736
00:12:57,430 --> 00:12:57,440
of prediction of what could happen in
 

737
00:12:57,440 --> 00:12:59,670
of prediction of what could happen in
the magnetosphere some effects could

738
00:12:59,670 --> 00:12:59,680
the magnetosphere some effects could
 

739
00:12:59,680 --> 00:13:01,509
the magnetosphere some effects could
come from the dust in the living leading

740
00:13:01,509 --> 00:13:01,519
come from the dust in the living leading
 

741
00:13:01,519 --> 00:13:03,910
come from the dust in the living leading
edge some could come from the comet of

742
00:13:03,910 --> 00:13:03,920
edge some could come from the comet of
 

743
00:13:03,920 --> 00:13:05,269
edge some could come from the comet of
the matrix

744
00:13:05,269 --> 00:13:05,279
the matrix
 

745
00:13:05,279 --> 00:13:06,870
the matrix
the comet itself

746
00:13:06,870 --> 00:13:06,880
the comet itself
 

747
00:13:06,880 --> 00:13:08,389
the comet itself
interfering with the plasma in the

748
00:13:08,389 --> 00:13:08,399
interfering with the plasma in the
 

749
00:13:08,399 --> 00:13:09,750
interfering with the plasma in the
magnetosphere

750
00:13:09,750 --> 00:13:09,760
magnetosphere
 

751
00:13:09,760 --> 00:13:11,910
magnetosphere
and we could expect to see some effect

752
00:13:11,910 --> 00:13:11,920
and we could expect to see some effect
 

753
00:13:11,920 --> 00:13:14,790
and we could expect to see some effect
even before like precursors of the

754
00:13:14,790 --> 00:13:14,800
even before like precursors of the
 

755
00:13:14,800 --> 00:13:15,990
even before like precursors of the
impacts

756
00:13:15,990 --> 00:13:16,000
impacts
 

757
00:13:16,000 --> 00:13:18,150
impacts
in this image you can see also the north

758
00:13:18,150 --> 00:13:18,160
in this image you can see also the north
 

759
00:13:18,160 --> 00:13:21,190
in this image you can see also the north
pole the south pole we cannot see the

760
00:13:21,190 --> 00:13:21,200
pole the south pole we cannot see the
 

761
00:13:21,200 --> 00:13:23,750
pole the south pole we cannot see the
can we have that graphic back please

762
00:13:23,750 --> 00:13:23,760
can we have that graphic back please
 

763
00:13:23,760 --> 00:13:25,350
can we have that graphic back please
so we can we cannot have the whole

764
00:13:25,350 --> 00:13:25,360
so we can we cannot have the whole
 

765
00:13:25,360 --> 00:13:26,949
so we can we cannot have the whole
planet because the field of view of the

766
00:13:26,949 --> 00:13:26,959
planet because the field of view of the
 

767
00:13:26,959 --> 00:13:29,269
planet because the field of view of the
faint object camera is much smaller than

768
00:13:29,269 --> 00:13:29,279
faint object camera is much smaller than
 

769
00:13:29,279 --> 00:13:31,190
faint object camera is much smaller than
the field of view of the weave peak too

770
00:13:31,190 --> 00:13:31,200
the field of view of the weave peak too
 

771
00:13:31,200 --> 00:13:32,150
the field of view of the weave peak too
but

772
00:13:32,150 --> 00:13:32,160
but
 

773
00:13:32,160 --> 00:13:34,150
but
the interest of the internet camera is

774
00:13:34,150 --> 00:13:34,160
the interest of the internet camera is
 

775
00:13:34,160 --> 00:13:36,310
the interest of the internet camera is
that you can get we have a very very

776
00:13:36,310 --> 00:13:36,320
that you can get we have a very very
 

777
00:13:36,320 --> 00:13:39,030
that you can get we have a very very
good spatial resolution you can get very

778
00:13:39,030 --> 00:13:39,040
good spatial resolution you can get very
 

779
00:13:39,040 --> 00:13:40,629
good spatial resolution you can get very
faint details so they're very

780
00:13:40,629 --> 00:13:40,639
faint details so they're very
 

781
00:13:40,639 --> 00:13:42,150
faint details so they're very
complementary

782
00:13:42,150 --> 00:13:42,160
complementary
 

783
00:13:42,160 --> 00:13:44,790
complementary
and on this graphic you can see what we

784
00:13:44,790 --> 00:13:44,800
and on this graphic you can see what we
 

785
00:13:44,800 --> 00:13:46,629
and on this graphic you can see what we
are somewhat too frustrated because we

786
00:13:46,629 --> 00:13:46,639
are somewhat too frustrated because we
 

787
00:13:46,639 --> 00:13:48,870
are somewhat too frustrated because we
didn't see anything spectacular before

788
00:13:48,870 --> 00:13:48,880
didn't see anything spectacular before
 

789
00:13:48,880 --> 00:13:50,470
didn't see anything spectacular before
before the impacts

790
00:13:50,470 --> 00:13:50,480
before the impacts
 

791
00:13:50,480 --> 00:13:52,389
before the impacts
we already had

792
00:13:52,389 --> 00:13:52,399
we already had
 

793
00:13:52,399 --> 00:13:54,150
we already had
images of the of the aurora they looked

794
00:13:54,150 --> 00:13:54,160
images of the of the aurora they looked
 

795
00:13:54,160 --> 00:13:56,150
images of the of the aurora they looked
like that except that the north aurora

796
00:13:56,150 --> 00:13:56,160
like that except that the north aurora
 

797
00:13:56,160 --> 00:13:59,030
like that except that the north aurora
consistently look somewhat fainter maybe

798
00:13:59,030 --> 00:13:59,040
consistently look somewhat fainter maybe
 

799
00:13:59,040 --> 00:14:01,750
consistently look somewhat fainter maybe
at times much fainter than usual

800
00:14:01,750 --> 00:14:01,760
at times much fainter than usual
 

801
00:14:01,760 --> 00:14:03,670
at times much fainter than usual
and it looks fainter than south aurora

802
00:14:03,670 --> 00:14:03,680
and it looks fainter than south aurora
 

803
00:14:03,680 --> 00:14:04,949
and it looks fainter than south aurora
which is a

804
00:14:04,949 --> 00:14:04,959
which is a
 

805
00:14:04,959 --> 00:14:06,710
which is a
nice necklace

806
00:14:06,710 --> 00:14:06,720
nice necklace
 

807
00:14:06,720 --> 00:14:07,910
nice necklace
on the

808
00:14:07,910 --> 00:14:07,920
on the
 

809
00:14:07,920 --> 00:14:09,829
on the
on the lower panel

810
00:14:09,829 --> 00:14:09,839
on the lower panel
 

811
00:14:09,839 --> 00:14:11,509
on the lower panel
we got the same kind of result with our

812
00:14:11,509 --> 00:14:11,519
we got the same kind of result with our
 

813
00:14:11,519 --> 00:14:13,509
we got the same kind of result with our
ue we have been monitoring the aurora

814
00:14:13,509 --> 00:14:13,519
ue we have been monitoring the aurora
 

815
00:14:13,519 --> 00:14:15,990
ue we have been monitoring the aurora
with by ue4 several weeks already and we

816
00:14:15,990 --> 00:14:16,000
with by ue4 several weeks already and we
 

817
00:14:16,000 --> 00:14:17,509
with by ue4 several weeks already and we
found that the north aurora was weaker

818
00:14:17,509 --> 00:14:17,519
found that the north aurora was weaker
 

819
00:14:17,519 --> 00:14:19,110
found that the north aurora was weaker
we cannot tell why we cannot understand

820
00:14:19,110 --> 00:14:19,120
we cannot tell why we cannot understand
 

821
00:14:19,120 --> 00:14:21,590
we cannot tell why we cannot understand
that we expect that if any fainting we

822
00:14:21,590 --> 00:14:21,600
that we expect that if any fainting we
 

823
00:14:21,600 --> 00:14:23,269
that we expect that if any fainting we
expected it in the south because the

824
00:14:23,269 --> 00:14:23,279
expected it in the south because the
 

825
00:14:23,279 --> 00:14:25,590
expected it in the south because the
dust could be inhibiting the

826
00:14:25,590 --> 00:14:25,600
dust could be inhibiting the
 

827
00:14:25,600 --> 00:14:28,310
dust could be inhibiting the
process that would give rise to zero

828
00:14:28,310 --> 00:14:28,320
process that would give rise to zero
 

829
00:14:28,320 --> 00:14:29,829
process that would give rise to zero
we get it right in the north maybe it's

830
00:14:29,829 --> 00:14:29,839
we get it right in the north maybe it's
 

831
00:14:29,839 --> 00:14:32,470
we get it right in the north maybe it's
just coincidence but we have to but

832
00:14:32,470 --> 00:14:32,480
just coincidence but we have to but
 

833
00:14:32,480 --> 00:14:34,150
just coincidence but we have to but
maybe it's brighter couldn't it be

834
00:14:34,150 --> 00:14:34,160
maybe it's brighter couldn't it be
 

835
00:14:34,160 --> 00:14:35,750
maybe it's brighter couldn't it be
brighter in the south and it's being

836
00:14:35,750 --> 00:14:35,760
brighter in the south and it's being
 

837
00:14:35,760 --> 00:14:37,829
brighter in the south and it's being
enhanced by the dust from the comet

838
00:14:37,829 --> 00:14:37,839
enhanced by the dust from the comet
 

839
00:14:37,839 --> 00:14:39,350
enhanced by the dust from the comet
fragments oh it's clearly fainter i

840
00:14:39,350 --> 00:14:39,360
fragments oh it's clearly fainter i
 

841
00:14:39,360 --> 00:14:41,030
fragments oh it's clearly fainter i
don't know we have a lot of trouble

842
00:14:41,030 --> 00:14:41,040
don't know we have a lot of trouble
 

843
00:14:41,040 --> 00:14:43,350
don't know we have a lot of trouble
getting the nose okay normally this you

844
00:14:43,350 --> 00:14:43,360
getting the nose okay normally this you
 

845
00:14:43,360 --> 00:14:45,430
getting the nose okay normally this you
can see a novel which is around you have

846
00:14:45,430 --> 00:14:45,440
can see a novel which is around you have
 

847
00:14:45,440 --> 00:14:47,670
can see a novel which is around you have
a spot in the middle this is very very

848
00:14:47,670 --> 00:14:47,680
a spot in the middle this is very very
 

849
00:14:47,680 --> 00:14:49,430
a spot in the middle this is very very
obvious in all the data and you find

850
00:14:49,430 --> 00:14:49,440
obvious in all the data and you find
 

851
00:14:49,440 --> 00:14:51,350
obvious in all the data and you find
this both with the hubble telescope and

852
00:14:51,350 --> 00:14:51,360
this both with the hubble telescope and
 

853
00:14:51,360 --> 00:14:52,790
this both with the hubble telescope and
with the international ultraviolet

854
00:14:52,790 --> 00:14:52,800
with the international ultraviolet
 

855
00:14:52,800 --> 00:14:54,629
with the international ultraviolet
explorer with both

856
00:14:54,629 --> 00:14:54,639
explorer with both
 

857
00:14:54,639 --> 00:14:56,230
explorer with both
so we can tell for sure it's an effect

858
00:14:56,230 --> 00:14:56,240
so we can tell for sure it's an effect
 

859
00:14:56,240 --> 00:14:58,310
so we can tell for sure it's an effect
of the combat but it may be an effect a

860
00:14:58,310 --> 00:14:58,320
of the combat but it may be an effect a
 

861
00:14:58,320 --> 00:15:00,150
of the combat but it may be an effect a
general global effect of of the deaths

862
00:15:00,150 --> 00:15:00,160
general global effect of of the deaths
 

863
00:15:00,160 --> 00:15:01,750
general global effect of of the deaths
in the magnetosphere

864
00:15:01,750 --> 00:15:01,760
in the magnetosphere
 

865
00:15:01,760 --> 00:15:05,189
in the magnetosphere
then we got this nice image on july two

866
00:15:05,189 --> 00:15:05,199
then we got this nice image on july two
 

867
00:15:05,199 --> 00:15:07,350
then we got this nice image on july two
days ago with july 18

868
00:15:07,350 --> 00:15:07,360
days ago with july 18
 

869
00:15:07,360 --> 00:15:09,509
days ago with july 18
yes with the we've picked two that i

870
00:15:09,509 --> 00:15:09,519
yes with the we've picked two that i
 

871
00:15:09,519 --> 00:15:11,750
yes with the we've picked two that i
hope we'll get here

872
00:15:11,750 --> 00:15:11,760
hope we'll get here
 

873
00:15:11,760 --> 00:15:13,110
hope we'll get here
on the screen

874
00:15:13,110 --> 00:15:13,120
on the screen
 

875
00:15:13,120 --> 00:15:17,189
on the screen
next graphic please

876
00:15:17,189 --> 00:15:17,199

 

877
00:15:17,199 --> 00:15:20,069

and you can compare this image to the

878
00:15:20,069 --> 00:15:20,079
and you can compare this image to the
 

879
00:15:20,079 --> 00:15:21,910
and you can compare this image to the
the one we got before

880
00:15:21,910 --> 00:15:21,920
the one we got before
 

881
00:15:21,920 --> 00:15:23,750
the one we got before
you can see the aurora on top the north

882
00:15:23,750 --> 00:15:23,760
you can see the aurora on top the north
 

883
00:15:23,760 --> 00:15:26,069
you can see the aurora on top the north
it's still fainter you can see the the

884
00:15:26,069 --> 00:15:26,079
it's still fainter you can see the the
 

885
00:15:26,079 --> 00:15:27,750
it's still fainter you can see the the
left edge you can see the aurora and the

886
00:15:27,750 --> 00:15:27,760
left edge you can see the aurora and the
 

887
00:15:27,760 --> 00:15:29,829
left edge you can see the aurora and the
south and below

888
00:15:29,829 --> 00:15:29,839
south and below
 

889
00:15:29,839 --> 00:15:32,069
south and below
the the north oral valley you have two

890
00:15:32,069 --> 00:15:32,079
the the north oral valley you have two
 

891
00:15:32,079 --> 00:15:35,110
the the north oral valley you have two
bright spots which are very low for us

892
00:15:35,110 --> 00:15:35,120
bright spots which are very low for us
 

893
00:15:35,120 --> 00:15:37,350
bright spots which are very low for us
it's very low latitude it's totally

894
00:15:37,350 --> 00:15:37,360
it's very low latitude it's totally
 

895
00:15:37,360 --> 00:15:39,590
it's very low latitude it's totally
unusual it was not unexpected i can't

896
00:15:39,590 --> 00:15:39,600
unusual it was not unexpected i can't
 

897
00:15:39,600 --> 00:15:42,230
unusual it was not unexpected i can't
tell there have been predictions

898
00:15:42,230 --> 00:15:42,240
tell there have been predictions
 

899
00:15:42,240 --> 00:15:44,710
tell there have been predictions
that maybe the the comet

900
00:15:44,710 --> 00:15:44,720
that maybe the the comet
 

901
00:15:44,720 --> 00:15:46,949
that maybe the the comet
plasma could be ionized

902
00:15:46,949 --> 00:15:46,959
plasma could be ionized
 

903
00:15:46,959 --> 00:15:48,949
plasma could be ionized
they could this could drive current and

904
00:15:48,949 --> 00:15:48,959
they could this could drive current and
 

905
00:15:48,959 --> 00:15:51,749
they could this could drive current and
it and it could enhance the

906
00:15:51,749 --> 00:15:51,759
it and it could enhance the
 

907
00:15:51,759 --> 00:15:53,829
it and it could enhance the
create okay so the two bright spots

908
00:15:53,829 --> 00:15:53,839
create okay so the two bright spots
 

909
00:15:53,839 --> 00:15:55,590
create okay so the two bright spots
you're talking about are the upper left

910
00:15:55,590 --> 00:15:55,600
you're talking about are the upper left
 

911
00:15:55,600 --> 00:15:57,749
you're talking about are the upper left
and the upper left on the

912
00:15:57,749 --> 00:15:57,759
and the upper left on the
 

913
00:15:57,759 --> 00:15:59,590
and the upper left on the
just at the footprints of this new

914
00:15:59,590 --> 00:15:59,600
just at the footprints of this new
 

915
00:15:59,600 --> 00:16:00,949
just at the footprints of this new
magnetic field lines which have been

916
00:16:00,949 --> 00:16:00,959
magnetic field lines which have been
 

917
00:16:00,959 --> 00:16:02,389
magnetic field lines which have been
drawn now

918
00:16:02,389 --> 00:16:02,399
drawn now
 

919
00:16:02,399 --> 00:16:04,230
drawn now
and this is quite new we never saw that

920
00:16:04,230 --> 00:16:04,240
and this is quite new we never saw that
 

921
00:16:04,240 --> 00:16:07,590
and this is quite new we never saw that
we never saw any aura below what is the

922
00:16:07,590 --> 00:16:07,600
we never saw any aura below what is the
 

923
00:16:07,600 --> 00:16:09,269
we never saw any aura below what is the
one you have seen on the

924
00:16:09,269 --> 00:16:09,279
one you have seen on the
 

925
00:16:09,279 --> 00:16:11,509
one you have seen on the
previous two graphics so that's to make

926
00:16:11,509 --> 00:16:11,519
previous two graphics so that's to make
 

927
00:16:11,519 --> 00:16:14,790
previous two graphics so that's to make
sure i understand what you're proposing

928
00:16:14,790 --> 00:16:14,800
sure i understand what you're proposing
 

929
00:16:14,800 --> 00:16:17,030
sure i understand what you're proposing
you think that material from the from

930
00:16:17,030 --> 00:16:17,040
you think that material from the from
 

931
00:16:17,040 --> 00:16:19,189
you think that material from the from
the south pole where the fragments are

932
00:16:19,189 --> 00:16:19,199
the south pole where the fragments are
 

933
00:16:19,199 --> 00:16:21,269
the south pole where the fragments are
impacting might be drawn through the

934
00:16:21,269 --> 00:16:21,279
impacting might be drawn through the
 

935
00:16:21,279 --> 00:16:22,949
impacting might be drawn through the
magnetic field lines up to the north

936
00:16:22,949 --> 00:16:22,959
magnetic field lines up to the north
 

937
00:16:22,959 --> 00:16:25,350
magnetic field lines up to the north
pole right that's what i think

938
00:16:25,350 --> 00:16:25,360
pole right that's what i think
 

939
00:16:25,360 --> 00:16:27,509
pole right that's what i think
there have been well if you

940
00:16:27,509 --> 00:16:27,519
there have been well if you
 

941
00:16:27,519 --> 00:16:29,590
there have been well if you
if you look back to the the prediction

942
00:16:29,590 --> 00:16:29,600
if you look back to the the prediction
 

943
00:16:29,600 --> 00:16:30,870
if you look back to the the prediction
has been made

944
00:16:30,870 --> 00:16:30,880
has been made
 

945
00:16:30,880 --> 00:16:33,350
has been made
it's one it's clear that we expected

946
00:16:33,350 --> 00:16:33,360
it's one it's clear that we expected
 

947
00:16:33,360 --> 00:16:35,670
it's one it's clear that we expected
some effect of the of the ionized plasma

948
00:16:35,670 --> 00:16:35,680
some effect of the of the ionized plasma
 

949
00:16:35,680 --> 00:16:36,550
some effect of the of the ionized plasma
in the

950
00:16:36,550 --> 00:16:36,560
in the
 

951
00:16:36,560 --> 00:16:38,069
in the
material in the comet to interact with

952
00:16:38,069 --> 00:16:38,079
material in the comet to interact with
 

953
00:16:38,079 --> 00:16:39,910
material in the comet to interact with
the plasma in the microsphere

954
00:16:39,910 --> 00:16:39,920
the plasma in the microsphere
 

955
00:16:39,920 --> 00:16:41,670
the plasma in the microsphere
but we didn't know what we could do and

956
00:16:41,670 --> 00:16:41,680
but we didn't know what we could do and
 

957
00:16:41,680 --> 00:16:43,430
but we didn't know what we could do and
in any case we expected to get something

958
00:16:43,430 --> 00:16:43,440
in any case we expected to get something
 

959
00:16:43,440 --> 00:16:45,749
in any case we expected to get something
in the south not in the north

960
00:16:45,749 --> 00:16:45,759
in the south not in the north
 

961
00:16:45,759 --> 00:16:46,870
in the south not in the north
and we

962
00:16:46,870 --> 00:16:46,880
and we
 

963
00:16:46,880 --> 00:16:48,310
and we
we worked out a lot to get the

964
00:16:48,310 --> 00:16:48,320
we worked out a lot to get the
 

965
00:16:48,320 --> 00:16:50,550
we worked out a lot to get the
possibility to have close field lines

966
00:16:50,550 --> 00:16:50,560
possibility to have close field lines
 

967
00:16:50,560 --> 00:16:52,150
possibility to have close field lines
because the magnetosphere at times the

968
00:16:52,150 --> 00:16:52,160
because the magnetosphere at times the
 

969
00:16:52,160 --> 00:16:54,629
because the magnetosphere at times the
field lines that are open to the to the

970
00:16:54,629 --> 00:16:54,639
field lines that are open to the to the
 

971
00:16:54,639 --> 00:16:56,389
field lines that are open to the to the
solar wind so in that case something

972
00:16:56,389 --> 00:16:56,399
solar wind so in that case something
 

973
00:16:56,399 --> 00:16:58,310
solar wind so in that case something
which happened in the south do not have

974
00:16:58,310 --> 00:16:58,320
which happened in the south do not have
 

975
00:16:58,320 --> 00:17:00,069
which happened in the south do not have
any counterpart in the part in the other

976
00:17:00,069 --> 00:17:00,079
any counterpart in the part in the other
 

977
00:17:00,079 --> 00:17:02,230
any counterpart in the part in the other
hemisphere so we worked the geometry so

978
00:17:02,230 --> 00:17:02,240
hemisphere so we worked the geometry so
 

979
00:17:02,240 --> 00:17:03,430
hemisphere so we worked the geometry so
that we can get

980
00:17:03,430 --> 00:17:03,440
that we can get
 

981
00:17:03,440 --> 00:17:05,590
that we can get
a close field line with a footprint

982
00:17:05,590 --> 00:17:05,600
a close field line with a footprint
 

983
00:17:05,600 --> 00:17:08,949
a close field line with a footprint
print in the north visible also from her

984
00:17:08,949 --> 00:17:08,959
print in the north visible also from her
 

985
00:17:08,959 --> 00:17:10,789
print in the north visible also from her
so the north and south are connected by

986
00:17:10,789 --> 00:17:10,799
so the north and south are connected by
 

987
00:17:10,799 --> 00:17:11,909
so the north and south are connected by
the magnetic field okay they're

988
00:17:11,909 --> 00:17:11,919
the magnetic field okay they're
 

989
00:17:11,919 --> 00:17:13,750
the magnetic field okay they're
connected they're connected and on top

990
00:17:13,750 --> 00:17:13,760
connected they're connected and on top
 

991
00:17:13,760 --> 00:17:16,150
connected they're connected and on top
of that the footprint of the north is in

992
00:17:16,150 --> 00:17:16,160
of that the footprint of the north is in
 

993
00:17:16,160 --> 00:17:17,909
of that the footprint of the north is in
front because the field line is

994
00:17:17,909 --> 00:17:17,919
front because the field line is
 

995
00:17:17,919 --> 00:17:19,829
front because the field line is
distorted in the meridian plane so we

996
00:17:19,829 --> 00:17:19,839
distorted in the meridian plane so we
 

997
00:17:19,839 --> 00:17:21,429
distorted in the meridian plane so we
can you can see the footprint in the

998
00:17:21,429 --> 00:17:21,439
can you can see the footprint in the
 

999
00:17:21,439 --> 00:17:23,270
can you can see the footprint in the
south it's just right at the limb but

1000
00:17:23,270 --> 00:17:23,280
south it's just right at the limb but
 

1001
00:17:23,280 --> 00:17:25,909
south it's just right at the limb but
you can see it's already 30 or 40

1002
00:17:25,909 --> 00:17:25,919
you can see it's already 30 or 40
 

1003
00:17:25,919 --> 00:17:27,590
you can see it's already 30 or 40
degrees on the on the limb on the do you

1004
00:17:27,590 --> 00:17:27,600
degrees on the on the limb on the do you
 

1005
00:17:27,600 --> 00:17:28,870
degrees on the on the limb on the do you
think the

1006
00:17:28,870 --> 00:17:28,880
think the
 

1007
00:17:28,880 --> 00:17:30,470
think the
north if you imagine it's kind of a bar

1008
00:17:30,470 --> 00:17:30,480
north if you imagine it's kind of a bar
 

1009
00:17:30,480 --> 00:17:32,549
north if you imagine it's kind of a bar
magnet inside jupiter that

1010
00:17:32,549 --> 00:17:32,559
magnet inside jupiter that
 

1011
00:17:32,559 --> 00:17:35,110
magnet inside jupiter that
is responsible for magnetic field

1012
00:17:35,110 --> 00:17:35,120
is responsible for magnetic field
 

1013
00:17:35,120 --> 00:17:38,070
is responsible for magnetic field
the uh in that model then the bar is off

1014
00:17:38,070 --> 00:17:38,080
the uh in that model then the bar is off
 

1015
00:17:38,080 --> 00:17:40,470
the uh in that model then the bar is off
center and tilting off the center tilted

1016
00:17:40,470 --> 00:17:40,480
center and tilting off the center tilted
 

1017
00:17:40,480 --> 00:17:42,070
center and tilting off the center tilted
and that's why it can be in

1018
00:17:42,070 --> 00:17:42,080
and that's why it can be in
 

1019
00:17:42,080 --> 00:17:44,549
and that's why it can be in
these lines can be in back on the south

1020
00:17:44,549 --> 00:17:44,559
these lines can be in back on the south
 

1021
00:17:44,559 --> 00:17:47,110
these lines can be in back on the south
and in front uh on the north so we are

1022
00:17:47,110 --> 00:17:47,120
and in front uh on the north so we are
 

1023
00:17:47,120 --> 00:17:48,950
and in front uh on the north so we are
lucky we're not only working we work it

1024
00:17:48,950 --> 00:17:48,960
lucky we're not only working we work it
 

1025
00:17:48,960 --> 00:17:49,909
lucky we're not only working we work it
out

1026
00:17:49,909 --> 00:17:49,919
out
 

1027
00:17:49,919 --> 00:17:51,750
out
and we get this bright spot in the north

1028
00:17:51,750 --> 00:17:51,760
and we get this bright spot in the north
 

1029
00:17:51,760 --> 00:17:53,350
and we get this bright spot in the north
but we have nothing in the star in the

1030
00:17:53,350 --> 00:17:53,360
but we have nothing in the star in the
 

1031
00:17:53,360 --> 00:17:55,590
but we have nothing in the star in the
and we didn't get anything except you

1032
00:17:55,590 --> 00:17:55,600
and we didn't get anything except you
 

1033
00:17:55,600 --> 00:17:57,430
and we didn't get anything except you
maybe you can

1034
00:17:57,430 --> 00:17:57,440
maybe you can
 

1035
00:17:57,440 --> 00:17:59,750
maybe you can
see something very very faint and

1036
00:17:59,750 --> 00:17:59,760
see something very very faint and
 

1037
00:17:59,760 --> 00:18:01,990
see something very very faint and
diffuse at the footprint of the

1038
00:18:01,990 --> 00:18:02,000
diffuse at the footprint of the
 

1039
00:18:02,000 --> 00:18:03,909
diffuse at the footprint of the
larger in the south of the larger field

1040
00:18:03,909 --> 00:18:03,919
larger in the south of the larger field
 

1041
00:18:03,919 --> 00:18:06,230
larger in the south of the larger field
line we cannot tell well that that's

1042
00:18:06,230 --> 00:18:06,240
line we cannot tell well that that's
 

1043
00:18:06,240 --> 00:18:08,310
line we cannot tell well that that's
probably not precipitation of particles

1044
00:18:08,310 --> 00:18:08,320
probably not precipitation of particles
 

1045
00:18:08,320 --> 00:18:09,830
probably not precipitation of particles
we do not know what it is it may be

1046
00:18:09,830 --> 00:18:09,840
we do not know what it is it may be
 

1047
00:18:09,840 --> 00:18:11,510
we do not know what it is it may be
related

1048
00:18:11,510 --> 00:18:11,520
related
 

1049
00:18:11,520 --> 00:18:13,590
related
but this on the on the north pole it's

1050
00:18:13,590 --> 00:18:13,600
but this on the on the north pole it's
 

1051
00:18:13,600 --> 00:18:16,310
but this on the on the north pole it's
it's necessarily energetic particles so

1052
00:18:16,310 --> 00:18:16,320
it's necessarily energetic particles so
 

1053
00:18:16,320 --> 00:18:18,310
it's necessarily energetic particles so
something happened some material from

1054
00:18:18,310 --> 00:18:18,320
something happened some material from
 

1055
00:18:18,320 --> 00:18:20,870
something happened some material from
the coma from the comet itself

1056
00:18:20,870 --> 00:18:20,880
the coma from the comet itself
 

1057
00:18:20,880 --> 00:18:23,110
the coma from the comet itself
was liberated in the south pole

1058
00:18:23,110 --> 00:18:23,120
was liberated in the south pole
 

1059
00:18:23,120 --> 00:18:24,549
was liberated in the south pole
accelerated

1060
00:18:24,549 --> 00:18:24,559
accelerated
 

1061
00:18:24,559 --> 00:18:26,390
accelerated
by somewhere along these magnetic field

1062
00:18:26,390 --> 00:18:26,400
by somewhere along these magnetic field
 

1063
00:18:26,400 --> 00:18:28,310
by somewhere along these magnetic field
lines and fell into the northern

1064
00:18:28,310 --> 00:18:28,320
lines and fell into the northern
 

1065
00:18:28,320 --> 00:18:31,350
lines and fell into the northern
hemisphere like like an iron gun in fact

1066
00:18:31,350 --> 00:18:31,360
hemisphere like like an iron gun in fact
 

1067
00:18:31,360 --> 00:18:33,990
hemisphere like like an iron gun in fact
now renee would these be visible in

1068
00:18:33,990 --> 00:18:34,000
now renee would these be visible in
 

1069
00:18:34,000 --> 00:18:35,430
now renee would these be visible in
visible light where our eyes are

1070
00:18:35,430 --> 00:18:35,440
visible light where our eyes are
 

1071
00:18:35,440 --> 00:18:36,789
visible light where our eyes are
sensitive

1072
00:18:36,789 --> 00:18:36,799
sensitive
 

1073
00:18:36,799 --> 00:18:39,270
sensitive
ultraviolet the oral emission i mean the

1074
00:18:39,270 --> 00:18:39,280
ultraviolet the oral emission i mean the
 

1075
00:18:39,280 --> 00:18:40,230
ultraviolet the oral emission i mean the
emission

1076
00:18:40,230 --> 00:18:40,240
emission
 

1077
00:18:40,240 --> 00:18:42,230
emission
exact collisionally excited and the

1078
00:18:42,230 --> 00:18:42,240
exact collisionally excited and the
 

1079
00:18:42,240 --> 00:18:43,990
exact collisionally excited and the
atmosphere jupiter they cannot be seen

1080
00:18:43,990 --> 00:18:44,000
atmosphere jupiter they cannot be seen
 

1081
00:18:44,000 --> 00:18:46,630
atmosphere jupiter they cannot be seen
in the visible only in the ultraviolet

1082
00:18:46,630 --> 00:18:46,640
in the visible only in the ultraviolet
 

1083
00:18:46,640 --> 00:18:48,870
in the visible only in the ultraviolet
from the it depends on the composition

1084
00:18:48,870 --> 00:18:48,880
from the it depends on the composition
 

1085
00:18:48,880 --> 00:18:51,270
from the it depends on the composition
of the atmosphere on earth it's visible

1086
00:18:51,270 --> 00:18:51,280
of the atmosphere on earth it's visible
 

1087
00:18:51,280 --> 00:18:54,150
of the atmosphere on earth it's visible
on jupiter it's mainly from hydrogen or

1088
00:18:54,150 --> 00:18:54,160
on jupiter it's mainly from hydrogen or
 

1089
00:18:54,160 --> 00:18:56,549
on jupiter it's mainly from hydrogen or
for hydrocarbons and it's either

1090
00:18:56,549 --> 00:18:56,559
for hydrocarbons and it's either
 

1091
00:18:56,559 --> 00:18:59,190
for hydrocarbons and it's either
ultraviolet or infrared unfortunately

1092
00:18:59,190 --> 00:18:59,200
ultraviolet or infrared unfortunately
 

1093
00:18:59,200 --> 00:19:01,750
ultraviolet or infrared unfortunately
you can see them in the visible

1094
00:19:01,750 --> 00:19:01,760
you can see them in the visible
 

1095
00:19:01,760 --> 00:19:03,909
you can see them in the visible
so that's a major i think it's a major

1096
00:19:03,909 --> 00:19:03,919
so that's a major i think it's a major
 

1097
00:19:03,919 --> 00:19:05,430
so that's a major i think it's a major
discovery we have to understand what

1098
00:19:05,430 --> 00:19:05,440
discovery we have to understand what
 

1099
00:19:05,440 --> 00:19:07,750
discovery we have to understand what
happens we have two options so far maybe

1100
00:19:07,750 --> 00:19:07,760
happens we have two options so far maybe
 

1101
00:19:07,760 --> 00:19:09,590
happens we have two options so far maybe
there are other options open but we

1102
00:19:09,590 --> 00:19:09,600
there are other options open but we
 

1103
00:19:09,600 --> 00:19:11,190
there are other options open but we
thought of two

1104
00:19:11,190 --> 00:19:11,200
thought of two
 

1105
00:19:11,200 --> 00:19:13,510
thought of two
either the the

1106
00:19:13,510 --> 00:19:13,520
either the the
 

1107
00:19:13,520 --> 00:19:16,390
either the the
material was liberated after impact

1108
00:19:16,390 --> 00:19:16,400
material was liberated after impact
 

1109
00:19:16,400 --> 00:19:18,150
material was liberated after impact
and we got it along the field lines and

1110
00:19:18,150 --> 00:19:18,160
and we got it along the field lines and
 

1111
00:19:18,160 --> 00:19:19,990
and we got it along the field lines and
we we seen the north and that's why we

1112
00:19:19,990 --> 00:19:20,000
we we seen the north and that's why we
 

1113
00:19:20,000 --> 00:19:22,070
we we seen the north and that's why we
do not see anything in the south or

1114
00:19:22,070 --> 00:19:22,080
do not see anything in the south or
 

1115
00:19:22,080 --> 00:19:23,990
do not see anything in the south or
another possibility which has was

1116
00:19:23,990 --> 00:19:24,000
another possibility which has was
 

1117
00:19:24,000 --> 00:19:25,669
another possibility which has was
predicted in fact and i i think i should

1118
00:19:25,669 --> 00:19:25,679
predicted in fact and i i think i should
 

1119
00:19:25,679 --> 00:19:28,070
predicted in fact and i i think i should
send an email to dr wing ip we have said

1120
00:19:28,070 --> 00:19:28,080
send an email to dr wing ip we have said
 

1121
00:19:28,080 --> 00:19:30,390
send an email to dr wing ip we have said
the published a paper

1122
00:19:30,390 --> 00:19:30,400
the published a paper
 

1123
00:19:30,400 --> 00:19:33,350
the published a paper
very uh short ago telling that within

1124
00:19:33,350 --> 00:19:33,360
very uh short ago telling that within
 

1125
00:19:33,360 --> 00:19:37,029
very uh short ago telling that within
one jovian radius we have the conditions

1126
00:19:37,029 --> 00:19:37,039
one jovian radius we have the conditions
 

1127
00:19:37,039 --> 00:19:40,070
one jovian radius we have the conditions
so that the coma entering before impact

1128
00:19:40,070 --> 00:19:40,080
so that the coma entering before impact
 

1129
00:19:40,080 --> 00:19:42,870
so that the coma entering before impact
could uh create a current along the

1130
00:19:42,870 --> 00:19:42,880
could uh create a current along the
 

1131
00:19:42,880 --> 00:19:45,029
could uh create a current along the
field lines which would be the condition

1132
00:19:45,029 --> 00:19:45,039
field lines which would be the condition
 

1133
00:19:45,039 --> 00:19:47,669
field lines which would be the condition
for such an effect to appear so you have

1134
00:19:47,669 --> 00:19:47,679
for such an effect to appear so you have
 

1135
00:19:47,679 --> 00:19:49,510
for such an effect to appear so you have
to do more

1136
00:19:49,510 --> 00:19:49,520
to do more
 

1137
00:19:49,520 --> 00:19:51,270
to do more
than just

1138
00:19:51,270 --> 00:19:51,280
than just
 

1139
00:19:51,280 --> 00:19:53,190
than just
throw stuff up from the impact you have

1140
00:19:53,190 --> 00:19:53,200
throw stuff up from the impact you have
 

1141
00:19:53,200 --> 00:19:56,070
throw stuff up from the impact you have
to have an elec electrical or magnetic

1142
00:19:56,070 --> 00:19:56,080
to have an elec electrical or magnetic
 

1143
00:19:56,080 --> 00:19:58,789
to have an elec electrical or magnetic
process that accelerates these uh

1144
00:19:58,789 --> 00:19:58,799
process that accelerates these uh
 

1145
00:19:58,799 --> 00:20:01,190
process that accelerates these uh
electrified particles and drives them up

1146
00:20:01,190 --> 00:20:01,200
electrified particles and drives them up
 

1147
00:20:01,200 --> 00:20:02,789
electrified particles and drives them up
the magnetic field

1148
00:20:02,789 --> 00:20:02,799
the magnetic field
 

1149
00:20:02,799 --> 00:20:04,870
the magnetic field
you have to get like an electric circuit

1150
00:20:04,870 --> 00:20:04,880
you have to get like an electric circuit
 

1151
00:20:04,880 --> 00:20:06,710
you have to get like an electric circuit
and then you have to have like

1152
00:20:06,710 --> 00:20:06,720
and then you have to have like
 

1153
00:20:06,720 --> 00:20:09,190
and then you have to have like
kilo volts of potential drops to

1154
00:20:09,190 --> 00:20:09,200
kilo volts of potential drops to
 

1155
00:20:09,200 --> 00:20:11,430
kilo volts of potential drops to
accelerate the particle to high enough

1156
00:20:11,430 --> 00:20:11,440
accelerate the particle to high enough
 

1157
00:20:11,440 --> 00:20:13,190
accelerate the particle to high enough
thousands of volts to accelerate the

1158
00:20:13,190 --> 00:20:13,200
thousands of volts to accelerate the
 

1159
00:20:13,200 --> 00:20:15,350
thousands of volts to accelerate the
particles so it's it's not not an easy

1160
00:20:15,350 --> 00:20:15,360
particles so it's it's not not an easy
 

1161
00:20:15,360 --> 00:20:17,110
particles so it's it's not not an easy
process and we have to to work on that

1162
00:20:17,110 --> 00:20:17,120
process and we have to to work on that
 

1163
00:20:17,120 --> 00:20:18,789
process and we have to to work on that
and it's a lot of modelling probably and

1164
00:20:18,789 --> 00:20:18,799
and it's a lot of modelling probably and
 

1165
00:20:18,799 --> 00:20:20,230
and it's a lot of modelling probably and
we learned a lot about the plasma

1166
00:20:20,230 --> 00:20:20,240
we learned a lot about the plasma
 

1167
00:20:20,240 --> 00:20:21,909
we learned a lot about the plasma
physics in general and jupiter in

1168
00:20:21,909 --> 00:20:21,919
physics in general and jupiter in
 

1169
00:20:21,919 --> 00:20:24,470
physics in general and jupiter in
particular great thank you dr pranje i

1170
00:20:24,470 --> 00:20:24,480
particular great thank you dr pranje i
 

1171
00:20:24,480 --> 00:20:26,950
particular great thank you dr pranje i
think these are two uh

1172
00:20:26,950 --> 00:20:26,960
think these are two uh
 

1173
00:20:26,960 --> 00:20:29,270
think these are two uh
really fascinating findings from the

1174
00:20:29,270 --> 00:20:29,280
really fascinating findings from the
 

1175
00:20:29,280 --> 00:20:30,870
really fascinating findings from the
hubble telescope

1176
00:20:30,870 --> 00:20:30,880
hubble telescope
 

1177
00:20:30,880 --> 00:20:32,789
hubble telescope
and we had an assist from the iue and

1178
00:20:32,789 --> 00:20:32,799
and we had an assist from the iue and
 

1179
00:20:32,799 --> 00:20:34,630
and we had an assist from the iue and
i'm sure we'll be hearing more about iue

1180
00:20:34,630 --> 00:20:34,640
i'm sure we'll be hearing more about iue
 

1181
00:20:34,640 --> 00:20:37,510
i'm sure we'll be hearing more about iue
as the week goes on now i have to tear

1182
00:20:37,510 --> 00:20:37,520
as the week goes on now i have to tear
 

1183
00:20:37,520 --> 00:20:39,510
as the week goes on now i have to tear
myself away from this orbiting

1184
00:20:39,510 --> 00:20:39,520
myself away from this orbiting
 

1185
00:20:39,520 --> 00:20:41,510
myself away from this orbiting
observatory there are

1186
00:20:41,510 --> 00:20:41,520
observatory there are
 

1187
00:20:41,520 --> 00:20:43,029
observatory there are
we used to say there were hundreds of

1188
00:20:43,029 --> 00:20:43,039
we used to say there were hundreds of
 

1189
00:20:43,039 --> 00:20:45,590
we used to say there were hundreds of
telescopes looking at jupiter this week

1190
00:20:45,590 --> 00:20:45,600
telescopes looking at jupiter this week
 

1191
00:20:45,600 --> 00:20:47,830
telescopes looking at jupiter this week
now from the reports coming in that

1192
00:20:47,830 --> 00:20:47,840
now from the reports coming in that
 

1193
00:20:47,840 --> 00:20:50,149
now from the reports coming in that
amateur astronomers and the public are

1194
00:20:50,149 --> 00:20:50,159
amateur astronomers and the public are
 

1195
00:20:50,159 --> 00:20:53,029
amateur astronomers and the public are
streaming into uh observatory science

1196
00:20:53,029 --> 00:20:53,039
streaming into uh observatory science
 

1197
00:20:53,039 --> 00:20:56,070
streaming into uh observatory science
museums i think lucy mcfadden

1198
00:20:56,070 --> 00:20:56,080
museums i think lucy mcfadden
 

1199
00:20:56,080 --> 00:20:57,750
museums i think lucy mcfadden
told me this morning hundreds of people

1200
00:20:57,750 --> 00:20:57,760
told me this morning hundreds of people
 

1201
00:20:57,760 --> 00:20:59,830
told me this morning hundreds of people
are coming to the university of maryland

1202
00:20:59,830 --> 00:20:59,840
are coming to the university of maryland
 

1203
00:20:59,840 --> 00:21:03,510
are coming to the university of maryland
observatory uh over here near uh adelphi

1204
00:21:03,510 --> 00:21:03,520
observatory uh over here near uh adelphi
 

1205
00:21:03,520 --> 00:21:06,630
observatory uh over here near uh adelphi
uh the uh there probably are thousands

1206
00:21:06,630 --> 00:21:06,640
uh the uh there probably are thousands
 

1207
00:21:06,640 --> 00:21:09,029
uh the uh there probably are thousands
of telescopes looking they won't all see

1208
00:21:09,029 --> 00:21:09,039
of telescopes looking they won't all see
 

1209
00:21:09,039 --> 00:21:10,470
of telescopes looking they won't all see
an aurora that you have to look in

1210
00:21:10,470 --> 00:21:10,480
an aurora that you have to look in
 

1211
00:21:10,480 --> 00:21:12,789
an aurora that you have to look in
ultraviolet light but what are the

1212
00:21:12,789 --> 00:21:12,799
ultraviolet light but what are the
 

1213
00:21:12,799 --> 00:21:14,950
ultraviolet light but what are the
telescopes on the ground finding lucy

1214
00:21:14,950 --> 00:21:14,960
telescopes on the ground finding lucy
 

1215
00:21:14,960 --> 00:21:17,270
telescopes on the ground finding lucy
mcfadden well actually steve with that

1216
00:21:17,270 --> 00:21:17,280
mcfadden well actually steve with that
 

1217
00:21:17,280 --> 00:21:18,630
mcfadden well actually steve with that
with that introduction i think i'm going

1218
00:21:18,630 --> 00:21:18,640
with that introduction i think i'm going
 

1219
00:21:18,640 --> 00:21:21,029
with that introduction i think i'm going
to let david levy talk about the

1220
00:21:21,029 --> 00:21:21,039
to let david levy talk about the
 

1221
00:21:21,039 --> 00:21:24,870
to let david levy talk about the
hundreds of of telescopes that that uh

1222
00:21:24,870 --> 00:21:24,880
hundreds of of telescopes that that uh
 

1223
00:21:24,880 --> 00:21:26,549
hundreds of of telescopes that that uh
are being pointed toward jupiter and let

1224
00:21:26,549 --> 00:21:26,559
are being pointed toward jupiter and let
 

1225
00:21:26,559 --> 00:21:28,310
are being pointed toward jupiter and let
him talk about what the amateurs are

1226
00:21:28,310 --> 00:21:28,320
him talk about what the amateurs are
 

1227
00:21:28,320 --> 00:21:29,990
him talk about what the amateurs are
seeing and the role they can play in the

1228
00:21:29,990 --> 00:21:30,000
seeing and the role they can play in the
 

1229
00:21:30,000 --> 00:21:31,750
seeing and the role they can play in the
science and then i'll come back and okay

1230
00:21:31,750 --> 00:21:31,760
science and then i'll come back and okay
 

1231
00:21:31,760 --> 00:21:33,590
science and then i'll come back and okay
we'll go fill in on ground based okay

1232
00:21:33,590 --> 00:21:33,600
we'll go fill in on ground based okay
 

1233
00:21:33,600 --> 00:21:35,909
we'll go fill in on ground based okay
this is almost a contest as to uh which

1234
00:21:35,909 --> 00:21:35,919
this is almost a contest as to uh which
 

1235
00:21:35,919 --> 00:21:37,830
this is almost a contest as to uh which
is which is the best surprise which is

1236
00:21:37,830 --> 00:21:37,840
is which is the best surprise which is
 

1237
00:21:37,840 --> 00:21:39,190
is which is the best surprise which is
the biggest surprise of this whole

1238
00:21:39,190 --> 00:21:39,200
the biggest surprise of this whole
 

1239
00:21:39,200 --> 00:21:40,710
the biggest surprise of this whole
magnificent week

1240
00:21:40,710 --> 00:21:40,720
magnificent week
 

1241
00:21:40,720 --> 00:21:43,510
magnificent week
and i i can't say that the fact that

1242
00:21:43,510 --> 00:21:43,520
and i i can't say that the fact that
 

1243
00:21:43,520 --> 00:21:45,510
and i i can't say that the fact that
these dark spots are visible for

1244
00:21:45,510 --> 00:21:45,520
these dark spots are visible for
 

1245
00:21:45,520 --> 00:21:47,190
these dark spots are visible for
virtually everybody to see is the

1246
00:21:47,190 --> 00:21:47,200
virtually everybody to see is the
 

1247
00:21:47,200 --> 00:21:48,870
virtually everybody to see is the
biggest surprise but it sure is one of

1248
00:21:48,870 --> 00:21:48,880
biggest surprise but it sure is one of
 

1249
00:21:48,880 --> 00:21:49,990
biggest surprise but it sure is one of
the biggest

1250
00:21:49,990 --> 00:21:50,000
the biggest
 

1251
00:21:50,000 --> 00:21:53,510
the biggest
nobody expected this uh we have some

1252
00:21:53,510 --> 00:21:53,520
nobody expected this uh we have some
 

1253
00:21:53,520 --> 00:21:55,750
nobody expected this uh we have some
very large spots on jupiter they seem to

1254
00:21:55,750 --> 00:21:55,760
very large spots on jupiter they seem to
 

1255
00:21:55,760 --> 00:22:00,149
very large spots on jupiter they seem to
be uh the the the brightest ones at the

1256
00:22:00,149 --> 00:22:00,159
be uh the the the brightest ones at the
 

1257
00:22:00,159 --> 00:22:01,909
be uh the the the brightest ones at the
latest that i heard still is the one

1258
00:22:01,909 --> 00:22:01,919
latest that i heard still is the one
 

1259
00:22:01,919 --> 00:22:04,470
latest that i heard still is the one
from the impact of fragment g

1260
00:22:04,470 --> 00:22:04,480
from the impact of fragment g
 

1261
00:22:04,480 --> 00:22:07,029
from the impact of fragment g
and it seems to me

1262
00:22:07,029 --> 00:22:07,039
and it seems to me
 

1263
00:22:07,039 --> 00:22:08,070
and it seems to me
that

1264
00:22:08,070 --> 00:22:08,080
that
 

1265
00:22:08,080 --> 00:22:10,070
that
no matter what part of the world you're

1266
00:22:10,070 --> 00:22:10,080
no matter what part of the world you're
 

1267
00:22:10,080 --> 00:22:12,070
no matter what part of the world you're
on and no matter what area you're

1268
00:22:12,070 --> 00:22:12,080
on and no matter what area you're
 

1269
00:22:12,080 --> 00:22:14,470
on and no matter what area you're
watching that's by now there are enough

1270
00:22:14,470 --> 00:22:14,480
watching that's by now there are enough
 

1271
00:22:14,480 --> 00:22:16,870
watching that's by now there are enough
of these spots that no matter where you

1272
00:22:16,870 --> 00:22:16,880
of these spots that no matter where you
 

1273
00:22:16,880 --> 00:22:19,669
of these spots that no matter where you
are when jupiter gets to be

1274
00:22:19,669 --> 00:22:19,679
are when jupiter gets to be
 

1275
00:22:19,679 --> 00:22:21,909
are when jupiter gets to be
when jupiter is in the sky after dark

1276
00:22:21,909 --> 00:22:21,919
when jupiter is in the sky after dark
 

1277
00:22:21,919 --> 00:22:23,909
when jupiter is in the sky after dark
you will probably be seeing some spots

1278
00:22:23,909 --> 00:22:23,919
you will probably be seeing some spots
 

1279
00:22:23,919 --> 00:22:25,029
you will probably be seeing some spots
you didn't mean right it's most

1280
00:22:25,029 --> 00:22:25,039
you didn't mean right it's most
 

1281
00:22:25,039 --> 00:22:27,590
you didn't mean right it's most
prominent it's actually dark for i meant

1282
00:22:27,590 --> 00:22:27,600
prominent it's actually dark for i meant
 

1283
00:22:27,600 --> 00:22:29,909
prominent it's actually dark for i meant
darkest yes when i say brightest i mean

1284
00:22:29,909 --> 00:22:29,919
darkest yes when i say brightest i mean
 

1285
00:22:29,919 --> 00:22:31,510
darkest yes when i say brightest i mean
darkness thank you

1286
00:22:31,510 --> 00:22:31,520
darkness thank you
 

1287
00:22:31,520 --> 00:22:35,190
darkness thank you
his comedy can put it anyway

1288
00:22:35,190 --> 00:22:35,200

 

1289
00:22:35,200 --> 00:22:37,909

no these these uh the one report that i

1290
00:22:37,909 --> 00:22:37,919
no these these uh the one report that i
 

1291
00:22:37,919 --> 00:22:40,710
no these these uh the one report that i
got from a professional astronomer who

1292
00:22:40,710 --> 00:22:40,720
got from a professional astronomer who
 

1293
00:22:40,720 --> 00:22:42,630
got from a professional astronomer who
actually began as an amateur and still

1294
00:22:42,630 --> 00:22:42,640
actually began as an amateur and still
 

1295
00:22:42,640 --> 00:22:45,110
actually began as an amateur and still
has his original telescope is from clark

1296
00:22:45,110 --> 00:22:45,120
has his original telescope is from clark
 

1297
00:22:45,120 --> 00:22:46,950
has his original telescope is from clark
chapman of the planetary science

1298
00:22:46,950 --> 00:22:46,960
chapman of the planetary science
 

1299
00:22:46,960 --> 00:22:48,310
chapman of the planetary science
institute

1300
00:22:48,310 --> 00:22:48,320
institute
 

1301
00:22:48,320 --> 00:22:51,110
institute
he said that the the spot from fragment

1302
00:22:51,110 --> 00:22:51,120
he said that the the spot from fragment
 

1303
00:22:51,120 --> 00:22:52,230
he said that the the spot from fragment
g

1304
00:22:52,230 --> 00:22:52,240
g
 

1305
00:22:52,240 --> 00:22:55,430
g
in his years of observing jupiter is the

1306
00:22:55,430 --> 00:22:55,440
in his years of observing jupiter is the
 

1307
00:22:55,440 --> 00:22:58,710
in his years of observing jupiter is the
most obvious feature ever to appear on

1308
00:22:58,710 --> 00:22:58,720
most obvious feature ever to appear on
 

1309
00:22:58,720 --> 00:23:00,149
most obvious feature ever to appear on
this planet

1310
00:23:00,149 --> 00:23:00,159
this planet
 

1311
00:23:00,159 --> 00:23:03,830
this planet
and he is uh challenged over the um over

1312
00:23:03,830 --> 00:23:03,840
and he is uh challenged over the um over
 

1313
00:23:03,840 --> 00:23:06,789
and he is uh challenged over the um over
the internet anyone to argue that and so

1314
00:23:06,789 --> 00:23:06,799
the internet anyone to argue that and so
 

1315
00:23:06,799 --> 00:23:08,789
the internet anyone to argue that and so
far nobody has he sent me to the

1316
00:23:08,789 --> 00:23:08,799
far nobody has he sent me to the
 

1317
00:23:08,799 --> 00:23:10,789
far nobody has he sent me to the
telescope last night and it was pretty

1318
00:23:10,789 --> 00:23:10,799
telescope last night and it was pretty
 

1319
00:23:10,799 --> 00:23:13,350
telescope last night and it was pretty
spectacular so i looked directly through

1320
00:23:13,350 --> 00:23:13,360
spectacular so i looked directly through
 

1321
00:23:13,360 --> 00:23:15,669
spectacular so i looked directly through
the eyepiece and there it was so yes i

1322
00:23:15,669 --> 00:23:15,679
the eyepiece and there it was so yes i
 

1323
00:23:15,679 --> 00:23:17,430
the eyepiece and there it was so yes i
encourage everybody including all the

1324
00:23:17,430 --> 00:23:17,440
encourage everybody including all the
 

1325
00:23:17,440 --> 00:23:19,029
encourage everybody including all the
crew and everyone doing the support work

1326
00:23:19,029 --> 00:23:19,039
crew and everyone doing the support work
 

1327
00:23:19,039 --> 00:23:21,510
crew and everyone doing the support work
for all this event lucy i forgot to say

1328
00:23:21,510 --> 00:23:21,520
for all this event lucy i forgot to say
 

1329
00:23:21,520 --> 00:23:22,549
for all this event lucy i forgot to say
that but

1330
00:23:22,549 --> 00:23:22,559
that but
 

1331
00:23:22,559 --> 00:23:24,070
that but
uh we have and you're going to tell us

1332
00:23:24,070 --> 00:23:24,080
uh we have and you're going to tell us
 

1333
00:23:24,080 --> 00:23:25,909
uh we have and you're going to tell us
about this we have more than just

1334
00:23:25,909 --> 00:23:25,919
about this we have more than just
 

1335
00:23:25,919 --> 00:23:27,909
about this we have more than just
telescopes on the ground and telescopes

1336
00:23:27,909 --> 00:23:27,919
telescopes on the ground and telescopes
 

1337
00:23:27,919 --> 00:23:29,750
telescopes on the ground and telescopes
in space we have something

1338
00:23:29,750 --> 00:23:29,760
in space we have something
 

1339
00:23:29,760 --> 00:23:31,750
in space we have something
kind of part way up isn't that right

1340
00:23:31,750 --> 00:23:31,760
kind of part way up isn't that right
 

1341
00:23:31,760 --> 00:23:34,149
kind of part way up isn't that right
yeah but let's let's let gene uh david

1342
00:23:34,149 --> 00:23:34,159
yeah but let's let's let gene uh david
 

1343
00:23:34,159 --> 00:23:35,350
yeah but let's let's let gene uh david
finish

1344
00:23:35,350 --> 00:23:35,360
finish
 

1345
00:23:35,360 --> 00:23:38,070
finish
with his points yeah i think i think the

1346
00:23:38,070 --> 00:23:38,080
with his points yeah i think i think the
 

1347
00:23:38,080 --> 00:23:40,149
with his points yeah i think i think the
them it's hard to tell at the moment

1348
00:23:40,149 --> 00:23:40,159
them it's hard to tell at the moment
 

1349
00:23:40,159 --> 00:23:42,390
them it's hard to tell at the moment
just why these spots are so prominent

1350
00:23:42,390 --> 00:23:42,400
just why these spots are so prominent
 

1351
00:23:42,400 --> 00:23:45,350
just why these spots are so prominent
one of the uh theories that to explain

1352
00:23:45,350 --> 00:23:45,360
one of the uh theories that to explain
 

1353
00:23:45,360 --> 00:23:47,669
one of the uh theories that to explain
them has to do with these are

1354
00:23:47,669 --> 00:23:47,679
them has to do with these are
 

1355
00:23:47,679 --> 00:23:50,549
them has to do with these are
comet dust or a form of soot that is

1356
00:23:50,549 --> 00:23:50,559
comet dust or a form of soot that is
 

1357
00:23:50,559 --> 00:23:52,710
comet dust or a form of soot that is
from the comet there are other theories

1358
00:23:52,710 --> 00:23:52,720
from the comet there are other theories
 

1359
00:23:52,720 --> 00:23:54,470
from the comet there are other theories
but this is one of them

1360
00:23:54,470 --> 00:23:54,480
but this is one of them
 

1361
00:23:54,480 --> 00:23:55,350
but this is one of them
um

1362
00:23:55,350 --> 00:23:55,360
um
 

1363
00:23:55,360 --> 00:23:57,990
um
it's it's very important to emphasize

1364
00:23:57,990 --> 00:23:58,000
it's it's very important to emphasize
 

1365
00:23:58,000 --> 00:24:00,630
it's it's very important to emphasize
that if if you are an amateur astronomer

1366
00:24:00,630 --> 00:24:00,640
that if if you are an amateur astronomer
 

1367
00:24:00,640 --> 00:24:02,870
that if if you are an amateur astronomer
if you have any experience at all

1368
00:24:02,870 --> 00:24:02,880
if you have any experience at all
 

1369
00:24:02,880 --> 00:24:05,510
if you have any experience at all
looking at jupiter any experience these

1370
00:24:05,510 --> 00:24:05,520
looking at jupiter any experience these
 

1371
00:24:05,520 --> 00:24:07,590
looking at jupiter any experience these
spots should be extremely easy for you

1372
00:24:07,590 --> 00:24:07,600
spots should be extremely easy for you
 

1373
00:24:07,600 --> 00:24:08,630
spots should be extremely easy for you
to see

1374
00:24:08,630 --> 00:24:08,640
to see
 

1375
00:24:08,640 --> 00:24:10,390
to see
if however you have never looked at

1376
00:24:10,390 --> 00:24:10,400
if however you have never looked at
 

1377
00:24:10,400 --> 00:24:12,710
if however you have never looked at
jupiter before my recommendation is that

1378
00:24:12,710 --> 00:24:12,720
jupiter before my recommendation is that
 

1379
00:24:12,720 --> 00:24:15,510
jupiter before my recommendation is that
you go to one of the many star parties

1380
00:24:15,510 --> 00:24:15,520
you go to one of the many star parties
 

1381
00:24:15,520 --> 00:24:17,750
you go to one of the many star parties
that are being organized by planetariums

1382
00:24:17,750 --> 00:24:17,760
that are being organized by planetariums
 

1383
00:24:17,760 --> 00:24:20,710
that are being organized by planetariums
and amateur astronomy clubs all over all

1384
00:24:20,710 --> 00:24:20,720
and amateur astronomy clubs all over all
 

1385
00:24:20,720 --> 00:24:23,750
and amateur astronomy clubs all over all
over the world right now and get someone

1386
00:24:23,750 --> 00:24:23,760
over the world right now and get someone
 

1387
00:24:23,760 --> 00:24:25,590
over the world right now and get someone
to point it out point the spots out to

1388
00:24:25,590 --> 00:24:25,600
to point it out point the spots out to
 

1389
00:24:25,600 --> 00:24:27,510
to point it out point the spots out to
you they're very easy to see

1390
00:24:27,510 --> 00:24:27,520
you they're very easy to see
 

1391
00:24:27,520 --> 00:24:29,110
you they're very easy to see
but if you haven't had if you've never

1392
00:24:29,110 --> 00:24:29,120
but if you haven't had if you've never
 

1393
00:24:29,120 --> 00:24:30,630
but if you haven't had if you've never
looked at jupiter before it helps if you

1394
00:24:30,630 --> 00:24:30,640
looked at jupiter before it helps if you
 

1395
00:24:30,640 --> 00:24:32,909
looked at jupiter before it helps if you
get someone to point them out this is an

1396
00:24:32,909 --> 00:24:32,919
get someone to point them out this is an
 

1397
00:24:32,919 --> 00:24:35,590
get someone to point them out this is an
extraordinary thing these these spots

1398
00:24:35,590 --> 00:24:35,600
extraordinary thing these these spots
 

1399
00:24:35,600 --> 00:24:37,350
extraordinary thing these these spots
are major major

1400
00:24:37,350 --> 00:24:37,360
are major major
 

1401
00:24:37,360 --> 00:24:38,710
are major major
um

1402
00:24:38,710 --> 00:24:38,720
um
 

1403
00:24:38,720 --> 00:24:40,230
um
effects from the collision they're

1404
00:24:40,230 --> 00:24:40,240
effects from the collision they're
 

1405
00:24:40,240 --> 00:24:43,269
effects from the collision they're
visible to anybody the philosophical

1406
00:24:43,269 --> 00:24:43,279
visible to anybody the philosophical
 

1407
00:24:43,279 --> 00:24:45,350
visible to anybody the philosophical
question is that if the comet had never

1408
00:24:45,350 --> 00:24:45,360
question is that if the comet had never
 

1409
00:24:45,360 --> 00:24:46,470
question is that if the comet had never
been found

1410
00:24:46,470 --> 00:24:46,480
been found
 

1411
00:24:46,480 --> 00:24:47,990
been found
right now

1412
00:24:47,990 --> 00:24:48,000
right now
 

1413
00:24:48,000 --> 00:24:50,230
right now
people would be seeing one spot after

1414
00:24:50,230 --> 00:24:50,240
people would be seeing one spot after
 

1415
00:24:50,240 --> 00:24:52,230
people would be seeing one spot after
another appearing on jupiter they'd be

1416
00:24:52,230 --> 00:24:52,240
another appearing on jupiter they'd be
 

1417
00:24:52,240 --> 00:24:54,870
another appearing on jupiter they'd be
wiping off their lenses

1418
00:24:54,870 --> 00:24:54,880
wiping off their lenses
 

1419
00:24:54,880 --> 00:24:56,149
wiping off their lenses
what's going on that's right they'd

1420
00:24:56,149 --> 00:24:56,159
what's going on that's right they'd
 

1421
00:24:56,159 --> 00:24:58,549
what's going on that's right they'd
wonder what's going on

1422
00:24:58,549 --> 00:24:58,559
wonder what's going on
 

1423
00:24:58,559 --> 00:25:00,950
wonder what's going on
probably the visual observers would have

1424
00:25:00,950 --> 00:25:00,960
probably the visual observers would have
 

1425
00:25:00,960 --> 00:25:02,870
probably the visual observers would have
been spotting them first

1426
00:25:02,870 --> 00:25:02,880
been spotting them first
 

1427
00:25:02,880 --> 00:25:05,590
been spotting them first
if there had just been one spot if the g

1428
00:25:05,590 --> 00:25:05,600
if there had just been one spot if the g
 

1429
00:25:05,600 --> 00:25:07,830
if there had just been one spot if the g
impact cited in the only one someone

1430
00:25:07,830 --> 00:25:07,840
impact cited in the only one someone
 

1431
00:25:07,840 --> 00:25:09,430
impact cited in the only one someone
might have said maybe there was an

1432
00:25:09,430 --> 00:25:09,440
might have said maybe there was an
 

1433
00:25:09,440 --> 00:25:11,750
might have said maybe there was an
impact but these spots are now forming

1434
00:25:11,750 --> 00:25:11,760
impact but these spots are now forming
 

1435
00:25:11,760 --> 00:25:14,230
impact but these spots are now forming
all over that area of jupiter and they

1436
00:25:14,230 --> 00:25:14,240
all over that area of jupiter and they
 

1437
00:25:14,240 --> 00:25:15,750
all over that area of jupiter and they
would say maybe it was an impact and

1438
00:25:15,750 --> 00:25:15,760
would say maybe it was an impact and
 

1439
00:25:15,760 --> 00:25:18,149
would say maybe it was an impact and
they'd say no how could you possibly get

1440
00:25:18,149 --> 00:25:18,159
they'd say no how could you possibly get
 

1441
00:25:18,159 --> 00:25:20,149
they'd say no how could you possibly get
so many impacts in the course of a week

1442
00:25:20,149 --> 00:25:20,159
so many impacts in the course of a week
 

1443
00:25:20,159 --> 00:25:21,830
so many impacts in the course of a week
and nobody would have i guess it's

1444
00:25:21,830 --> 00:25:21,840
and nobody would have i guess it's
 

1445
00:25:21,840 --> 00:25:24,230
and nobody would have i guess it's
entirely possible that a comet

1446
00:25:24,230 --> 00:25:24,240
entirely possible that a comet
 

1447
00:25:24,240 --> 00:25:25,990
entirely possible that a comet
we hadn't discovered yet could have

1448
00:25:25,990 --> 00:25:26,000
we hadn't discovered yet could have
 

1449
00:25:26,000 --> 00:25:29,029
we hadn't discovered yet could have
jupiter make a spot that large yes

1450
00:25:29,029 --> 00:25:29,039
jupiter make a spot that large yes
 

1451
00:25:29,039 --> 00:25:30,870
jupiter make a spot that large yes
i think we're lucky that these guys were

1452
00:25:30,870 --> 00:25:30,880
i think we're lucky that these guys were
 

1453
00:25:30,880 --> 00:25:33,990
i think we're lucky that these guys were
watching and found it

1454
00:25:33,990 --> 00:25:34,000

 

1455
00:25:34,000 --> 00:25:36,310

so this is the time to get out and and

1456
00:25:36,310 --> 00:25:36,320
so this is the time to get out and and
 

1457
00:25:36,320 --> 00:25:38,630
so this is the time to get out and and
if there's any been ever been a time

1458
00:25:38,630 --> 00:25:38,640
if there's any been ever been a time
 

1459
00:25:38,640 --> 00:25:40,470
if there's any been ever been a time
to get out with a small telescope and

1460
00:25:40,470 --> 00:25:40,480
to get out with a small telescope and
 

1461
00:25:40,480 --> 00:25:42,950
to get out with a small telescope and
look at jupiter ever since galileo first

1462
00:25:42,950 --> 00:25:42,960
look at jupiter ever since galileo first
 

1463
00:25:42,960 --> 00:25:44,549
look at jupiter ever since galileo first
observed jupiter through a telescope in

1464
00:25:44,549 --> 00:25:44,559
observed jupiter through a telescope in
 

1465
00:25:44,559 --> 00:25:47,510
observed jupiter through a telescope in
1610 this is the time to do it

1466
00:25:47,510 --> 00:25:47,520
1610 this is the time to do it
 

1467
00:25:47,520 --> 00:25:49,430
1610 this is the time to do it
this is this is just a marvelous time to

1468
00:25:49,430 --> 00:25:49,440
this is this is just a marvelous time to
 

1469
00:25:49,440 --> 00:25:51,350
this is this is just a marvelous time to
be looking at jupiter thank you

1470
00:25:51,350 --> 00:25:51,360
be looking at jupiter thank you
 

1471
00:25:51,360 --> 00:25:53,269
be looking at jupiter thank you
can i just mention that there are

1472
00:25:53,269 --> 00:25:53,279
can i just mention that there are
 

1473
00:25:53,279 --> 00:25:54,789
can i just mention that there are
interesting you probably talked about

1474
00:25:54,789 --> 00:25:54,799
interesting you probably talked about
 

1475
00:25:54,799 --> 00:25:56,149
interesting you probably talked about
this earlier in the week but there's

1476
00:25:56,149 --> 00:25:56,159
this earlier in the week but there's
 

1477
00:25:56,159 --> 00:25:57,909
this earlier in the week but there's
interesting strings of craters on some

1478
00:25:57,909 --> 00:25:57,919
interesting strings of craters on some
 

1479
00:25:57,919 --> 00:26:00,390
interesting strings of craters on some
of the satellites of jupiter which are

1480
00:26:00,390 --> 00:26:00,400
of the satellites of jupiter which are
 

1481
00:26:00,400 --> 00:26:01,590
of the satellites of jupiter which are
probably

1482
00:26:01,590 --> 00:26:01,600
probably
 

1483
00:26:01,600 --> 00:26:03,350
probably
which have been theorized to be due to a

1484
00:26:03,350 --> 00:26:03,360
which have been theorized to be due to a
 

1485
00:26:03,360 --> 00:26:05,510
which have been theorized to be due to a
similar process to break up of a comet

1486
00:26:05,510 --> 00:26:05,520
similar process to break up of a comet
 

1487
00:26:05,520 --> 00:26:07,830
similar process to break up of a comet
falling upon a

1488
00:26:07,830 --> 00:26:07,840
falling upon a
 

1489
00:26:07,840 --> 00:26:10,149
falling upon a
one of the satellites yes and it may

1490
00:26:10,149 --> 00:26:10,159
one of the satellites yes and it may
 

1491
00:26:10,159 --> 00:26:11,430
one of the satellites yes and it may
have occurred to someone that that was

1492
00:26:11,430 --> 00:26:11,440
have occurred to someone that that was
 

1493
00:26:11,440 --> 00:26:13,909
have occurred to someone that that was
similar to so that the multiply split

1494
00:26:13,909 --> 00:26:13,919
similar to so that the multiply split
 

1495
00:26:13,919 --> 00:26:16,390
similar to so that the multiply split
comet may not be such a rare that's

1496
00:26:16,390 --> 00:26:16,400
comet may not be such a rare that's
 

1497
00:26:16,400 --> 00:26:18,230
comet may not be such a rare that's
right yeah phenomenon it might have

1498
00:26:18,230 --> 00:26:18,240
right yeah phenomenon it might have
 

1499
00:26:18,240 --> 00:26:19,750
right yeah phenomenon it might have
occurred and that's that's a good point

1500
00:26:19,750 --> 00:26:19,760
occurred and that's that's a good point
 

1501
00:26:19,760 --> 00:26:21,029
occurred and that's that's a good point
that could have happened any time in the

1502
00:26:21,029 --> 00:26:21,039
that could have happened any time in the
 

1503
00:26:21,039 --> 00:26:23,430
that could have happened any time in the
past four and a half billion years

1504
00:26:23,430 --> 00:26:23,440
past four and a half billion years
 

1505
00:26:23,440 --> 00:26:24,870
past four and a half billion years
there's even there is even one of these

1506
00:26:24,870 --> 00:26:24,880
there's even there is even one of these
 

1507
00:26:24,880 --> 00:26:27,110
there's even there is even one of these
crater chains on the moon and on top of

1508
00:26:27,110 --> 00:26:27,120
crater chains on the moon and on top of
 

1509
00:26:27,120 --> 00:26:30,070
crater chains on the moon and on top of
the crater davey there's a series of uh

1510
00:26:30,070 --> 00:26:30,080
the crater davey there's a series of uh
 

1511
00:26:30,080 --> 00:26:32,149
the crater davey there's a series of uh
of these craters and that's getting

1512
00:26:32,149 --> 00:26:32,159
of these craters and that's getting
 

1513
00:26:32,159 --> 00:26:35,510
of these craters and that's getting
pretty close yeah but yes but to to

1514
00:26:35,510 --> 00:26:35,520
pretty close yeah but yes but to to
 

1515
00:26:35,520 --> 00:26:38,390
pretty close yeah but yes but to to
these did not hit jupiter all at

1516
00:26:38,390 --> 00:26:38,400
these did not hit jupiter all at
 

1517
00:26:38,400 --> 00:26:40,950
these did not hit jupiter all at
those crater chains hit hit callisto or

1518
00:26:40,950 --> 00:26:40,960
those crater chains hit hit callisto or
 

1519
00:26:40,960 --> 00:26:43,269
those crater chains hit hit callisto or
the moon all at once all within a few

1520
00:26:43,269 --> 00:26:43,279
the moon all at once all within a few
 

1521
00:26:43,279 --> 00:26:44,870
the moon all at once all within a few
seconds of each other

1522
00:26:44,870 --> 00:26:44,880
seconds of each other
 

1523
00:26:44,880 --> 00:26:46,789
seconds of each other
these are things hitting over the period

1524
00:26:46,789 --> 00:26:46,799
these are things hitting over the period
 

1525
00:26:46,799 --> 00:26:49,269
these are things hitting over the period
of a week and to make that intuitive

1526
00:26:49,269 --> 00:26:49,279
of a week and to make that intuitive
 

1527
00:26:49,279 --> 00:26:51,909
of a week and to make that intuitive
leap to get the only way this could have

1528
00:26:51,909 --> 00:26:51,919
leap to get the only way this could have
 

1529
00:26:51,919 --> 00:26:54,470
leap to get the only way this could have
done happened is that a comet passed

1530
00:26:54,470 --> 00:26:54,480
done happened is that a comet passed
 

1531
00:26:54,480 --> 00:26:56,390
done happened is that a comet passed
near jupiter earlier at some earlier

1532
00:26:56,390 --> 00:26:56,400
near jupiter earlier at some earlier
 

1533
00:26:56,400 --> 00:26:59,269
near jupiter earlier at some earlier
time broke apart completed another orbit

1534
00:26:59,269 --> 00:26:59,279
time broke apart completed another orbit
 

1535
00:26:59,279 --> 00:27:01,350
time broke apart completed another orbit
and then hit and if someone had come up

1536
00:27:01,350 --> 00:27:01,360
and then hit and if someone had come up
 

1537
00:27:01,360 --> 00:27:03,350
and then hit and if someone had come up
with a theory like that he he or she

1538
00:27:03,350 --> 00:27:03,360
with a theory like that he he or she
 

1539
00:27:03,360 --> 00:27:07,110
with a theory like that he he or she
would have been laughed off the stage

1540
00:27:07,110 --> 00:27:07,120
would have been laughed off the stage
 

1541
00:27:07,120 --> 00:27:08,789
would have been laughed off the stage
yes all of which however we're seeing

1542
00:27:08,789 --> 00:27:08,799
yes all of which however we're seeing
 

1543
00:27:08,799 --> 00:27:11,590
yes all of which however we're seeing
occur now yes that's that's

1544
00:27:11,590 --> 00:27:11,600
occur now yes that's that's
 

1545
00:27:11,600 --> 00:27:14,230
occur now yes that's that's
i think we need to get on to uh lucy's

1546
00:27:14,230 --> 00:27:14,240
i think we need to get on to uh lucy's
 

1547
00:27:14,240 --> 00:27:15,750
i think we need to get on to uh lucy's
report leave room for questions while we

1548
00:27:15,750 --> 00:27:15,760
report leave room for questions while we
 

1549
00:27:15,760 --> 00:27:19,590
report leave room for questions while we
have the satellite okay um we have some

1550
00:27:19,590 --> 00:27:19,600
have the satellite okay um we have some
 

1551
00:27:19,600 --> 00:27:21,669
have the satellite okay um we have some
some some more images from ground-based

1552
00:27:21,669 --> 00:27:21,679
some some more images from ground-based
 

1553
00:27:21,679 --> 00:27:23,510
some some more images from ground-based
observatories around the world um the

1554
00:27:23,510 --> 00:27:23,520
observatories around the world um the
 

1555
00:27:23,520 --> 00:27:24,870
observatories around the world um the
first one coming up is from lick

1556
00:27:24,870 --> 00:27:24,880
first one coming up is from lick
 

1557
00:27:24,880 --> 00:27:27,430
first one coming up is from lick
observatory from the 120 inch

1558
00:27:27,430 --> 00:27:27,440
observatory from the 120 inch
 

1559
00:27:27,440 --> 00:27:30,950
observatory from the 120 inch
uh telescope there it is an image taken

1560
00:27:30,950 --> 00:27:30,960
uh telescope there it is an image taken
 

1561
00:27:30,960 --> 00:27:33,430
uh telescope there it is an image taken
with speckle interferometry i'm sorry

1562
00:27:33,430 --> 00:27:33,440
with speckle interferometry i'm sorry
 

1563
00:27:33,440 --> 00:27:34,870
with speckle interferometry i'm sorry
speckle imaging

1564
00:27:34,870 --> 00:27:34,880
speckle imaging
 

1565
00:27:34,880 --> 00:27:36,870
speckle imaging
which is a process that astronomers and

1566
00:27:36,870 --> 00:27:36,880
which is a process that astronomers and
 

1567
00:27:36,880 --> 00:27:38,630
which is a process that astronomers and
and members of the department of defense

1568
00:27:38,630 --> 00:27:38,640
and members of the department of defense
 

1569
00:27:38,640 --> 00:27:41,510
and members of the department of defense
have both been developing over the years

1570
00:27:41,510 --> 00:27:41,520
have both been developing over the years
 

1571
00:27:41,520 --> 00:27:43,830
have both been developing over the years
and with speckle imaging they have the

1572
00:27:43,830 --> 00:27:43,840
and with speckle imaging they have the
 

1573
00:27:43,840 --> 00:27:46,830
and with speckle imaging they have the
uh they use computer

1574
00:27:46,830 --> 00:27:46,840
uh they use computer
 

1575
00:27:46,840 --> 00:27:49,669
uh they use computer
uh uh let's see they use

1576
00:27:49,669 --> 00:27:49,679
uh uh let's see they use
 

1577
00:27:49,679 --> 00:27:52,789
uh uh let's see they use
complex computer algorithms to clean up

1578
00:27:52,789 --> 00:27:52,799
complex computer algorithms to clean up
 

1579
00:27:52,799 --> 00:27:55,350
complex computer algorithms to clean up
the noise and improve the uh spatial

1580
00:27:55,350 --> 00:27:55,360
the noise and improve the uh spatial
 

1581
00:27:55,360 --> 00:27:58,230
the noise and improve the uh spatial
resolution of of the image and as you

1582
00:27:58,230 --> 00:27:58,240
resolution of of the image and as you
 

1583
00:27:58,240 --> 00:28:01,190
resolution of of the image and as you
can see from looking at this the um

1584
00:28:01,190 --> 00:28:01,200
can see from looking at this the um
 

1585
00:28:01,200 --> 00:28:04,789
can see from looking at this the um
the parallel cloud structure um is

1586
00:28:04,789 --> 00:28:04,799
the parallel cloud structure um is
 

1587
00:28:04,799 --> 00:28:07,510
the parallel cloud structure um is
is quite prominent and it's very higher

1588
00:28:07,510 --> 00:28:07,520
is quite prominent and it's very higher
 

1589
00:28:07,520 --> 00:28:10,470
is quite prominent and it's very higher
yes better defined than in most uh of

1590
00:28:10,470 --> 00:28:10,480
yes better defined than in most uh of
 

1591
00:28:10,480 --> 00:28:13,029
yes better defined than in most uh of
the ground-based images not quite as as

1592
00:28:13,029 --> 00:28:13,039
the ground-based images not quite as as
 

1593
00:28:13,039 --> 00:28:14,870
the ground-based images not quite as as
clear as as the hubble so it's not as

1594
00:28:14,870 --> 00:28:14,880
clear as as the hubble so it's not as
 

1595
00:28:14,880 --> 00:28:16,230
clear as as the hubble so it's not as
good as getting above the earth that's

1596
00:28:16,230 --> 00:28:16,240
good as getting above the earth that's
 

1597
00:28:16,240 --> 00:28:19,110
good as getting above the earth that's
the adoptive adaptive optics project led

1598
00:28:19,110 --> 00:28:19,120
the adoptive adaptive optics project led
 

1599
00:28:19,120 --> 00:28:21,750
the adoptive adaptive optics project led
by dr claire max lawrence livermore

1600
00:28:21,750 --> 00:28:21,760
by dr claire max lawrence livermore
 

1601
00:28:21,760 --> 00:28:24,389
by dr claire max lawrence livermore
national laboratory thank you steve um

1602
00:28:24,389 --> 00:28:24,399
national laboratory thank you steve um
 

1603
00:28:24,399 --> 00:28:26,310
national laboratory thank you steve um
then next we have some more observations

1604
00:28:26,310 --> 00:28:26,320
then next we have some more observations
 

1605
00:28:26,320 --> 00:28:28,149
then next we have some more observations
from the keck observatory where nasa and

1606
00:28:28,149 --> 00:28:28,159
from the keck observatory where nasa and
 

1607
00:28:28,159 --> 00:28:30,950
from the keck observatory where nasa and
the nsf have been have contributed to

1608
00:28:30,950 --> 00:28:30,960
the nsf have been have contributed to
 

1609
00:28:30,960 --> 00:28:32,789
the nsf have been have contributed to
building the instruments that from which

1610
00:28:32,789 --> 00:28:32,799
building the instruments that from which
 

1611
00:28:32,799 --> 00:28:34,870
building the instruments that from which
we're taking these uh measurements and

1612
00:28:34,870 --> 00:28:34,880
we're taking these uh measurements and
 

1613
00:28:34,880 --> 00:28:37,190
we're taking these uh measurements and
we have a mosaic now these are seven

1614
00:28:37,190 --> 00:28:37,200
we have a mosaic now these are seven
 

1615
00:28:37,200 --> 00:28:38,710
we have a mosaic now these are seven
images not

1616
00:28:38,710 --> 00:28:38,720
images not
 

1617
00:28:38,720 --> 00:28:40,950
images not
ignore the time difference each image is

1618
00:28:40,950 --> 00:28:40,960
ignore the time difference each image is
 

1619
00:28:40,960 --> 00:28:42,789
ignore the time difference each image is
a different wavelength and in the upper

1620
00:28:42,789 --> 00:28:42,799
a different wavelength and in the upper
 

1621
00:28:42,799 --> 00:28:45,190
a different wavelength and in the upper
left corner we start at a wavelength of

1622
00:28:45,190 --> 00:28:45,200
left corner we start at a wavelength of
 

1623
00:28:45,200 --> 00:28:48,710
left corner we start at a wavelength of
1.2 microns and we go across the dark

1624
00:28:48,710 --> 00:28:48,720
1.2 microns and we go across the dark
 

1625
00:28:48,720 --> 00:28:50,710
1.2 microns and we go across the dark
one the third one on the right

1626
00:28:50,710 --> 00:28:50,720
one the third one on the right
 

1627
00:28:50,720 --> 00:28:54,149
one the third one on the right
is at 2.3 microns and we continue to go

1628
00:28:54,149 --> 00:28:54,159
is at 2.3 microns and we continue to go
 

1629
00:28:54,159 --> 00:28:56,230
is at 2.3 microns and we continue to go
to longer wavelengths and the final one

1630
00:28:56,230 --> 00:28:56,240
to longer wavelengths and the final one
 

1631
00:28:56,240 --> 00:28:58,230
to longer wavelengths and the final one
on the bottom that where jupiter is the

1632
00:28:58,230 --> 00:28:58,240
on the bottom that where jupiter is the
 

1633
00:28:58,240 --> 00:28:59,510
on the bottom that where jupiter is the
darkest

1634
00:28:59,510 --> 00:28:59,520
darkest
 

1635
00:28:59,520 --> 00:29:02,950
darkest
is at 4.2 microns i believe now the

1636
00:29:02,950 --> 00:29:02,960
is at 4.2 microns i believe now the
 

1637
00:29:02,960 --> 00:29:05,110
is at 4.2 microns i believe now the
importance of this um

1638
00:29:05,110 --> 00:29:05,120
importance of this um
 

1639
00:29:05,120 --> 00:29:08,149
importance of this um
all the features appear as bright spots

1640
00:29:08,149 --> 00:29:08,159
all the features appear as bright spots
 

1641
00:29:08,159 --> 00:29:10,789
all the features appear as bright spots
so they're still radiating thermal

1642
00:29:10,789 --> 00:29:10,799
so they're still radiating thermal
 

1643
00:29:10,799 --> 00:29:12,950
so they're still radiating thermal
heat heat they're just radiating the

1644
00:29:12,950 --> 00:29:12,960
heat heat they're just radiating the
 

1645
00:29:12,960 --> 00:29:16,870
heat heat they're just radiating the
heat from the impact sites

1646
00:29:16,870 --> 00:29:16,880

 

1647
00:29:16,880 --> 00:29:17,590

the

1648
00:29:17,590 --> 00:29:17,600
the
 

1649
00:29:17,600 --> 00:29:19,110
the
the advantage of using different

1650
00:29:19,110 --> 00:29:19,120
the advantage of using different
 

1651
00:29:19,120 --> 00:29:20,310
the advantage of using different
wavelengths

1652
00:29:20,310 --> 00:29:20,320
wavelengths
 

1653
00:29:20,320 --> 00:29:22,310
wavelengths
is as the wavelengths get longer the

1654
00:29:22,310 --> 00:29:22,320
is as the wavelengths get longer the
 

1655
00:29:22,320 --> 00:29:24,389
is as the wavelengths get longer the
wavelengths penetrate deeper into the

1656
00:29:24,389 --> 00:29:24,399
wavelengths penetrate deeper into the
 

1657
00:29:24,399 --> 00:29:27,269
wavelengths penetrate deeper into the
atmosphere so this is like a

1658
00:29:27,269 --> 00:29:27,279
atmosphere so this is like a
 

1659
00:29:27,279 --> 00:29:29,830
atmosphere so this is like a
a stratigram we're looking at the

1660
00:29:29,830 --> 00:29:29,840
a stratigram we're looking at the
 

1661
00:29:29,840 --> 00:29:30,950
a stratigram we're looking at the
layers

1662
00:29:30,950 --> 00:29:30,960
layers
 

1663
00:29:30,960 --> 00:29:33,110
layers
through jupiter's atmosphere so i guess

1664
00:29:33,110 --> 00:29:33,120
through jupiter's atmosphere so i guess
 

1665
00:29:33,120 --> 00:29:35,190
through jupiter's atmosphere so i guess
besides the fireball that came up that

1666
00:29:35,190 --> 00:29:35,200
besides the fireball that came up that
 

1667
00:29:35,200 --> 00:29:37,110
besides the fireball that came up that
gene shoemaker's been talking about from

1668
00:29:37,110 --> 00:29:37,120
gene shoemaker's been talking about from
 

1669
00:29:37,120 --> 00:29:39,269
gene shoemaker's been talking about from
the simulations you still have some hot

1670
00:29:39,269 --> 00:29:39,279
the simulations you still have some hot
 

1671
00:29:39,279 --> 00:29:42,789
the simulations you still have some hot
material down under yeah that's glowing

1672
00:29:42,789 --> 00:29:42,799
material down under yeah that's glowing
 

1673
00:29:42,799 --> 00:29:45,669
material down under yeah that's glowing
after days and after the event right and

1674
00:29:45,669 --> 00:29:45,679
after days and after the event right and
 

1675
00:29:45,679 --> 00:29:47,269
after days and after the event right and
and this is important once we can

1676
00:29:47,269 --> 00:29:47,279
and this is important once we can
 

1677
00:29:47,279 --> 00:29:50,470
and this is important once we can
interpret these and coordinate correlate

1678
00:29:50,470 --> 00:29:50,480
interpret these and coordinate correlate
 

1679
00:29:50,480 --> 00:29:51,990
interpret these and coordinate correlate
the information from the different

1680
00:29:51,990 --> 00:29:52,000
the information from the different
 

1681
00:29:52,000 --> 00:29:54,070
the information from the different
wavelengths we hope to be able to

1682
00:29:54,070 --> 00:29:54,080
wavelengths we hope to be able to
 

1683
00:29:54,080 --> 00:29:56,549
wavelengths we hope to be able to
determine how deep the

1684
00:29:56,549 --> 00:29:56,559
determine how deep the
 

1685
00:29:56,559 --> 00:29:59,190
determine how deep the
projectile went into the atmosphere i

1686
00:29:59,190 --> 00:29:59,200
projectile went into the atmosphere i
 

1687
00:29:59,200 --> 00:30:01,190
projectile went into the atmosphere i
don't have any numbers and we haven't

1688
00:30:01,190 --> 00:30:01,200
don't have any numbers and we haven't
 

1689
00:30:01,200 --> 00:30:03,269
don't have any numbers and we haven't
really understood that yet so i can only

1690
00:30:03,269 --> 00:30:03,279
really understood that yet so i can only
 

1691
00:30:03,279 --> 00:30:05,830
really understood that yet so i can only
present it in a generic case

1692
00:30:05,830 --> 00:30:05,840
present it in a generic case
 

1693
00:30:05,840 --> 00:30:07,510
present it in a generic case
we have a report from the kuiper

1694
00:30:07,510 --> 00:30:07,520
we have a report from the kuiper
 

1695
00:30:07,520 --> 00:30:10,710
we have a report from the kuiper
airborne observatory which is a

1696
00:30:10,710 --> 00:30:10,720
airborne observatory which is a
 

1697
00:30:10,720 --> 00:30:13,990
airborne observatory which is a
it's a c141 cargo aircraft it's a really

1698
00:30:13,990 --> 00:30:14,000
it's a c141 cargo aircraft it's a really
 

1699
00:30:14,000 --> 00:30:16,190
it's a c141 cargo aircraft it's a really
spectacular aircraft there's it's been

1700
00:30:16,190 --> 00:30:16,200
spectacular aircraft there's it's been
 

1701
00:30:16,200 --> 00:30:18,470
spectacular aircraft there's it's been
compartmentalized they blocked off one

1702
00:30:18,470 --> 00:30:18,480
compartmentalized they blocked off one
 

1703
00:30:18,480 --> 00:30:19,830
compartmentalized they blocked off one
part of it where they place the

1704
00:30:19,830 --> 00:30:19,840
part of it where they place the
 

1705
00:30:19,840 --> 00:30:22,310
part of it where they place the
telescope there's a 36 inch telescope in

1706
00:30:22,310 --> 00:30:22,320
telescope there's a 36 inch telescope in
 

1707
00:30:22,320 --> 00:30:24,950
telescope there's a 36 inch telescope in
this compartment which is pressurized

1708
00:30:24,950 --> 00:30:24,960
this compartment which is pressurized
 

1709
00:30:24,960 --> 00:30:27,110
this compartment which is pressurized
and they cut a hole in the side of the

1710
00:30:27,110 --> 00:30:27,120
and they cut a hole in the side of the
 

1711
00:30:27,120 --> 00:30:28,950
and they cut a hole in the side of the
cargo plane

1712
00:30:28,950 --> 00:30:28,960
cargo plane
 

1713
00:30:28,960 --> 00:30:30,950
cargo plane
and they point the telescope out the

1714
00:30:30,950 --> 00:30:30,960
and they point the telescope out the
 

1715
00:30:30,960 --> 00:30:33,990
and they point the telescope out the
hole in the plane now this plane

1716
00:30:33,990 --> 00:30:34,000
hole in the plane now this plane
 

1717
00:30:34,000 --> 00:30:36,710
hole in the plane now this plane
flies at 41 000 feet

1718
00:30:36,710 --> 00:30:36,720
flies at 41 000 feet
 

1719
00:30:36,720 --> 00:30:38,549
flies at 41 000 feet
and there are astronomers on board and

1720
00:30:38,549 --> 00:30:38,559
and there are astronomers on board and
 

1721
00:30:38,559 --> 00:30:41,750
and there are astronomers on board and
everyone who's flown on it uh reports an

1722
00:30:41,750 --> 00:30:41,760
everyone who's flown on it uh reports an
 

1723
00:30:41,760 --> 00:30:44,870
everyone who's flown on it uh reports an
exciting adventure at 41 000 feet they

1724
00:30:44,870 --> 00:30:44,880
exciting adventure at 41 000 feet they
 

1725
00:30:44,880 --> 00:30:48,310
exciting adventure at 41 000 feet they
are uh they have oxygen within reach um

1726
00:30:48,310 --> 00:30:48,320
are uh they have oxygen within reach um
 

1727
00:30:48,320 --> 00:30:51,269
are uh they have oxygen within reach um
in case the um the interlock between the

1728
00:30:51,269 --> 00:30:51,279
in case the um the interlock between the
 

1729
00:30:51,279 --> 00:30:52,950
in case the um the interlock between the
telescope and the observer's brakes

1730
00:30:52,950 --> 00:30:52,960
telescope and the observer's brakes
 

1731
00:30:52,960 --> 00:30:54,630
telescope and the observer's brakes
they'll they have 15 seconds to get

1732
00:30:54,630 --> 00:30:54,640
they'll they have 15 seconds to get
 

1733
00:30:54,640 --> 00:30:57,269
they'll they have 15 seconds to get
their oxygen masks on

1734
00:30:57,269 --> 00:30:57,279
their oxygen masks on
 

1735
00:30:57,279 --> 00:30:59,350
their oxygen masks on
the advantage of this telescope is that

1736
00:30:59,350 --> 00:30:59,360
the advantage of this telescope is that
 

1737
00:30:59,360 --> 00:31:02,549
the advantage of this telescope is that
they can fly anywhere around the world

1738
00:31:02,549 --> 00:31:02,559
they can fly anywhere around the world
 

1739
00:31:02,559 --> 00:31:04,950
they can fly anywhere around the world
and

1740
00:31:04,950 --> 00:31:04,960

 

1741
00:31:04,960 --> 00:31:06,310

they can fly anywhere around the world

1742
00:31:06,310 --> 00:31:06,320
they can fly anywhere around the world
 

1743
00:31:06,320 --> 00:31:07,990
they can fly anywhere around the world
they get up above the atmosphere and we

1744
00:31:07,990 --> 00:31:08,000
they get up above the atmosphere and we
 

1745
00:31:08,000 --> 00:31:11,509
they get up above the atmosphere and we
will have a report um from gordon

1746
00:31:11,509 --> 00:31:11,519
will have a report um from gordon
 

1747
00:31:11,519 --> 00:31:14,630
will have a report um from gordon
boyaker from goddard space flight center

1748
00:31:14,630 --> 00:31:14,640
boyaker from goddard space flight center
 

1749
00:31:14,640 --> 00:31:19,430
boyaker from goddard space flight center
who's reporting some of his results

1750
00:31:19,430 --> 00:31:19,440

 

1751
00:31:19,440 --> 00:31:21,990

we have two two channels one is a

1752
00:31:21,990 --> 00:31:22,000
we have two two channels one is a
 

1753
00:31:22,000 --> 00:31:24,549
we have two two channels one is a
temperature channel and one is a search

1754
00:31:24,549 --> 00:31:24,559
temperature channel and one is a search
 

1755
00:31:24,559 --> 00:31:26,789
temperature channel and one is a search
for water the temperature channel was

1756
00:31:26,789 --> 00:31:26,799
for water the temperature channel was
 

1757
00:31:26,799 --> 00:31:28,870
for water the temperature channel was
truly dramatic and we have very good

1758
00:31:28,870 --> 00:31:28,880
truly dramatic and we have very good
 

1759
00:31:28,880 --> 00:31:31,110
truly dramatic and we have very good
coverage of both the g and the k

1760
00:31:31,110 --> 00:31:31,120
coverage of both the g and the k
 

1761
00:31:31,120 --> 00:31:32,549
coverage of both the g and the k
fragments

1762
00:31:32,549 --> 00:31:32,559
fragments
 

1763
00:31:32,559 --> 00:31:34,470
fragments
after having looked at the g fragment

1764
00:31:34,470 --> 00:31:34,480
after having looked at the g fragment
 

1765
00:31:34,480 --> 00:31:36,549
after having looked at the g fragment
then we decided to

1766
00:31:36,549 --> 00:31:36,559
then we decided to
 

1767
00:31:36,559 --> 00:31:38,389
then we decided to
to set up the investigation a little

1768
00:31:38,389 --> 00:31:38,399
to set up the investigation a little
 

1769
00:31:38,399 --> 00:31:39,750
to set up the investigation a little
differently

1770
00:31:39,750 --> 00:31:39,760
differently
 

1771
00:31:39,760 --> 00:31:42,870
differently
for the k fragment we concentrated

1772
00:31:42,870 --> 00:31:42,880
for the k fragment we concentrated
 

1773
00:31:42,880 --> 00:31:45,190
for the k fragment we concentrated
almost exclusively on the temperature we

1774
00:31:45,190 --> 00:31:45,200
almost exclusively on the temperature we
 

1775
00:31:45,200 --> 00:31:46,789
almost exclusively on the temperature we
wanted to make sure that we pinned that

1776
00:31:46,789 --> 00:31:46,799
wanted to make sure that we pinned that
 

1777
00:31:46,799 --> 00:31:49,590
wanted to make sure that we pinned that
down very precisely and we have

1778
00:31:49,590 --> 00:31:49,600
down very precisely and we have
 

1779
00:31:49,600 --> 00:31:52,310
down very precisely and we have
even even better data for the k fragment

1780
00:31:52,310 --> 00:31:52,320
even even better data for the k fragment
 

1781
00:31:52,320 --> 00:31:53,029
even even better data for the k fragment
the

1782
00:31:53,029 --> 00:31:53,039
the
 

1783
00:31:53,039 --> 00:31:54,549
the
the

1784
00:31:54,549 --> 00:31:54,559
the
 

1785
00:31:54,559 --> 00:31:57,430
the
going from the pre-crash signal level to

1786
00:31:57,430 --> 00:31:57,440
going from the pre-crash signal level to
 

1787
00:31:57,440 --> 00:31:59,750
going from the pre-crash signal level to
the peak of the fireball it went up by a

1788
00:31:59,750 --> 00:31:59,760
the peak of the fireball it went up by a
 

1789
00:31:59,760 --> 00:32:03,029
the peak of the fireball it went up by a
factor 25 so it was absolutely stunning

1790
00:32:03,029 --> 00:32:03,039
factor 25 so it was absolutely stunning
 

1791
00:32:03,039 --> 00:32:05,110
factor 25 so it was absolutely stunning
and you know since we have some spatial

1792
00:32:05,110 --> 00:32:05,120
and you know since we have some spatial
 

1793
00:32:05,120 --> 00:32:06,310
and you know since we have some spatial
resolution

1794
00:32:06,310 --> 00:32:06,320
resolution
 

1795
00:32:06,320 --> 00:32:09,669
resolution
um you can see all of all of jupiter

1796
00:32:09,669 --> 00:32:09,679
um you can see all of all of jupiter
 

1797
00:32:09,679 --> 00:32:12,389
um you can see all of all of jupiter
jupiter at once and then in the the limb

1798
00:32:12,389 --> 00:32:12,399
jupiter at once and then in the the limb
 

1799
00:32:12,399 --> 00:32:14,389
jupiter at once and then in the the limb
of jupiter where the fireball was it's

1800
00:32:14,389 --> 00:32:14,399
of jupiter where the fireball was it's
 

1801
00:32:14,399 --> 00:32:16,789
of jupiter where the fireball was it's
like seeing a supernova go off or a star

1802
00:32:16,789 --> 00:32:16,799
like seeing a supernova go off or a star
 

1803
00:32:16,799 --> 00:32:19,350
like seeing a supernova go off or a star
go off the main reason for using the

1804
00:32:19,350 --> 00:32:19,360
go off the main reason for using the
 

1805
00:32:19,360 --> 00:32:22,710
go off the main reason for using the
kuiper airborne observatory is that um

1806
00:32:22,710 --> 00:32:22,720
kuiper airborne observatory is that um
 

1807
00:32:22,720 --> 00:32:24,269
kuiper airborne observatory is that um
you're flying above

1808
00:32:24,269 --> 00:32:24,279
you're flying above
 

1809
00:32:24,279 --> 00:32:26,870
you're flying above
99.9 percent of the water vapor in the

1810
00:32:26,870 --> 00:32:26,880
99.9 percent of the water vapor in the
 

1811
00:32:26,880 --> 00:32:29,909
99.9 percent of the water vapor in the
earth's atmosphere and you're above just

1812
00:32:29,909 --> 00:32:29,919
earth's atmosphere and you're above just
 

1813
00:32:29,919 --> 00:32:33,590
earth's atmosphere and you're above just
80 percent of the total atmosphere

1814
00:32:33,590 --> 00:32:33,600
80 percent of the total atmosphere
 

1815
00:32:33,600 --> 00:32:35,590
80 percent of the total atmosphere
our key thermometer is the methane

1816
00:32:35,590 --> 00:32:35,600
our key thermometer is the methane
 

1817
00:32:35,600 --> 00:32:37,509
our key thermometer is the methane
molecule which is present in the earth's

1818
00:32:37,509 --> 00:32:37,519
molecule which is present in the earth's
 

1819
00:32:37,519 --> 00:32:38,710
molecule which is present in the earth's
atmosphere

1820
00:32:38,710 --> 00:32:38,720
atmosphere
 

1821
00:32:38,720 --> 00:32:41,350
atmosphere
by flying at 41 000 feet

1822
00:32:41,350 --> 00:32:41,360
by flying at 41 000 feet
 

1823
00:32:41,360 --> 00:32:43,830
by flying at 41 000 feet
this opens up a window where we can

1824
00:32:43,830 --> 00:32:43,840
this opens up a window where we can
 

1825
00:32:43,840 --> 00:32:47,190
this opens up a window where we can
measure very strong methane features on

1826
00:32:47,190 --> 00:32:47,200
measure very strong methane features on
 

1827
00:32:47,200 --> 00:32:50,149
measure very strong methane features on
jupiter that are not measurable from

1828
00:32:50,149 --> 00:32:50,159
jupiter that are not measurable from
 

1829
00:32:50,159 --> 00:32:53,509
jupiter that are not measurable from
ground-based telescopes

1830
00:32:53,509 --> 00:32:53,519

 

1831
00:32:53,519 --> 00:32:54,950

now what's important here is that they

1832
00:32:54,950 --> 00:32:54,960
now what's important here is that they
 

1833
00:32:54,960 --> 00:32:57,269
now what's important here is that they
have they're penetrating deeper into the

1834
00:32:57,269 --> 00:32:57,279
have they're penetrating deeper into the
 

1835
00:32:57,279 --> 00:32:58,950
have they're penetrating deeper into the
atmosphere at 10 microns and they are

1836
00:32:58,950 --> 00:32:58,960
atmosphere at 10 microns and they are
 

1837
00:32:58,960 --> 00:33:01,350
atmosphere at 10 microns and they are
measuring emission lines from methane so

1838
00:33:01,350 --> 00:33:01,360
measuring emission lines from methane so
 

1839
00:33:01,360 --> 00:33:03,029
measuring emission lines from methane so
they're getting they're getting heated

1840
00:33:03,029 --> 00:33:03,039
they're getting they're getting heated
 

1841
00:33:03,039 --> 00:33:05,509
they're getting they're getting heated
methane uh they're heating there's

1842
00:33:05,509 --> 00:33:05,519
methane uh they're heating there's
 

1843
00:33:05,519 --> 00:33:07,350
methane uh they're heating there's
evidence of heating of the methane

1844
00:33:07,350 --> 00:33:07,360
evidence of heating of the methane
 

1845
00:33:07,360 --> 00:33:08,830
evidence of heating of the methane
clouds in

1846
00:33:08,830 --> 00:33:08,840
clouds in
 

1847
00:33:08,840 --> 00:33:10,070
clouds in
jupiter um

1848
00:33:10,070 --> 00:33:10,080
jupiter um
 

1849
00:33:10,080 --> 00:33:11,190
jupiter um
that's the methane gas in the

1850
00:33:11,190 --> 00:33:11,200
that's the methane gas in the
 

1851
00:33:11,200 --> 00:33:13,190
that's the methane gas in the
stratosphere they're observing

1852
00:33:13,190 --> 00:33:13,200
stratosphere they're observing
 

1853
00:33:13,200 --> 00:33:14,870
stratosphere they're observing
okay it's not below okay so it's the

1854
00:33:14,870 --> 00:33:14,880
okay it's not below okay so it's the
 

1855
00:33:14,880 --> 00:33:16,789
okay it's not below okay so it's the
high the stratosphere the high levels

1856
00:33:16,789 --> 00:33:16,799
high the stratosphere the high levels
 

1857
00:33:16,799 --> 00:33:18,789
high the stratosphere the high levels
higher levels of the atmosphere okay and

1858
00:33:18,789 --> 00:33:18,799
higher levels of the atmosphere okay and
 

1859
00:33:18,799 --> 00:33:19,830
higher levels of the atmosphere okay and
they're they're floating in our

1860
00:33:19,830 --> 00:33:19,840
they're they're floating in our
 

1861
00:33:19,840 --> 00:33:21,430
they're they're floating in our
stratosphere as they do it that's right

1862
00:33:21,430 --> 00:33:21,440
stratosphere as they do it that's right
 

1863
00:33:21,440 --> 00:33:24,470
stratosphere as they do it that's right
stratosphere stratosphere okay um now i

1864
00:33:24,470 --> 00:33:24,480
stratosphere stratosphere okay um now i
 

1865
00:33:24,480 --> 00:33:26,549
stratosphere stratosphere okay um now i
think out of time let's see well the

1866
00:33:26,549 --> 00:33:26,559
think out of time let's see well the
 

1867
00:33:26,559 --> 00:33:29,110
think out of time let's see well the
next images are from the i from the irtf

1868
00:33:29,110 --> 00:33:29,120
next images are from the i from the irtf
 

1869
00:33:29,120 --> 00:33:29,909
next images are from the i from the irtf
at

1870
00:33:29,909 --> 00:33:29,919
at
 

1871
00:33:29,919 --> 00:33:31,190
at
mauna kea

1872
00:33:31,190 --> 00:33:31,200
mauna kea
 

1873
00:33:31,200 --> 00:33:32,630
mauna kea
um

1874
00:33:32,630 --> 00:33:32,640
um
 

1875
00:33:32,640 --> 00:33:35,029
um
and those show

1876
00:33:35,029 --> 00:33:35,039
and those show
 

1877
00:33:35,039 --> 00:33:37,509
and those show
these are at four different wavelengths

1878
00:33:37,509 --> 00:33:37,519
these are at four different wavelengths
 

1879
00:33:37,519 --> 00:33:38,389
these are at four different wavelengths
we have

1880
00:33:38,389 --> 00:33:38,399
we have
 

1881
00:33:38,399 --> 00:33:40,230
we have
in the

1882
00:33:40,230 --> 00:33:40,240
in the
 

1883
00:33:40,240 --> 00:33:41,909
in the
four different wavelengths

1884
00:33:41,909 --> 00:33:41,919
four different wavelengths
 

1885
00:33:41,919 --> 00:33:43,990
four different wavelengths
at the upper left is the temperature in

1886
00:33:43,990 --> 00:33:44,000
at the upper left is the temperature in
 

1887
00:33:44,000 --> 00:33:45,830
at the upper left is the temperature in
the upper atmosphere the one on the

1888
00:33:45,830 --> 00:33:45,840
the upper atmosphere the one on the
 

1889
00:33:45,840 --> 00:33:48,230
the upper atmosphere the one on the
right is ammonia in the region of

1890
00:33:48,230 --> 00:33:48,240
right is ammonia in the region of
 

1891
00:33:48,240 --> 00:33:50,549
right is ammonia in the region of
ammonia band the one on the lower left

1892
00:33:50,549 --> 00:33:50,559
ammonia band the one on the lower left
 

1893
00:33:50,559 --> 00:33:53,269
ammonia band the one on the lower left
is the region of methane and

1894
00:33:53,269 --> 00:33:53,279
is the region of methane and
 

1895
00:33:53,279 --> 00:33:55,110
is the region of methane and
the lower right is another ammonia

1896
00:33:55,110 --> 00:33:55,120
the lower right is another ammonia
 

1897
00:33:55,120 --> 00:33:56,310
the lower right is another ammonia
region

1898
00:33:56,310 --> 00:33:56,320
region
 

1899
00:33:56,320 --> 00:33:58,070
region
let's go on to the next one we can take

1900
00:33:58,070 --> 00:33:58,080
let's go on to the next one we can take
 

1901
00:33:58,080 --> 00:33:59,590
let's go on to the next one we can take
questions about that later we've

1902
00:33:59,590 --> 00:33:59,600
questions about that later we've
 

1903
00:33:59,600 --> 00:34:02,230
questions about that later we've
reported have a report from galileo that

1904
00:34:02,230 --> 00:34:02,240
reported have a report from galileo that
 

1905
00:34:02,240 --> 00:34:04,470
reported have a report from galileo that
the

1906
00:34:04,470 --> 00:34:04,480

 

1907
00:34:04,480 --> 00:34:07,190

the photo photopolarimeter radiometer

1908
00:34:07,190 --> 00:34:07,200
the photo photopolarimeter radiometer
 

1909
00:34:07,200 --> 00:34:09,589
the photo photopolarimeter radiometer
has uh

1910
00:34:09,589 --> 00:34:09,599
has uh
 

1911
00:34:09,599 --> 00:34:11,109
has uh
has detected

1912
00:34:11,109 --> 00:34:11,119
has detected
 

1913
00:34:11,119 --> 00:34:14,230
has detected
uh the impact of fragment

1914
00:34:14,230 --> 00:34:14,240
uh the impact of fragment
 

1915
00:34:14,240 --> 00:34:17,750
uh the impact of fragment
fragment g i believe um and they radioed

1916
00:34:17,750 --> 00:34:17,760
fragment g i believe um and they radioed
 

1917
00:34:17,760 --> 00:34:19,990
fragment g i believe um and they radioed
they sent back some

1918
00:34:19,990 --> 00:34:20,000
they sent back some
 

1919
00:34:20,000 --> 00:34:22,389
they sent back some
preliminary observations these are not

1920
00:34:22,389 --> 00:34:22,399
preliminary observations these are not
 

1921
00:34:22,399 --> 00:34:24,790
preliminary observations these are not
images so i do not have a visual for

1922
00:34:24,790 --> 00:34:24,800
images so i do not have a visual for
 

1923
00:34:24,800 --> 00:34:26,310
images so i do not have a visual for
that but

1924
00:34:26,310 --> 00:34:26,320
that but
 

1925
00:34:26,320 --> 00:34:28,629
that but
galileo we have data back from galileo

1926
00:34:28,629 --> 00:34:28,639
galileo we have data back from galileo
 

1927
00:34:28,639 --> 00:34:30,230
galileo we have data back from galileo
and remember galileo is getting the

1928
00:34:30,230 --> 00:34:30,240
and remember galileo is getting the
 

1929
00:34:30,240 --> 00:34:31,349
and remember galileo is getting the
direct

1930
00:34:31,349 --> 00:34:31,359
direct
 

1931
00:34:31,359 --> 00:34:32,629
direct
eye

1932
00:34:32,629 --> 00:34:32,639
eye
 

1933
00:34:32,639 --> 00:34:35,190
eye
straight eye straight line shot of these

1934
00:34:35,190 --> 00:34:35,200
straight eye straight line shot of these
 

1935
00:34:35,200 --> 00:34:37,270
straight eye straight line shot of these
collisions and the

1936
00:34:37,270 --> 00:34:37,280
collisions and the
 

1937
00:34:37,280 --> 00:34:39,669
collisions and the
profile uh the change in time of the

1938
00:34:39,669 --> 00:34:39,679
profile uh the change in time of the
 

1939
00:34:39,679 --> 00:34:40,790
profile uh the change in time of the
intensity measured by the

1940
00:34:40,790 --> 00:34:40,800
intensity measured by the
 

1941
00:34:40,800 --> 00:34:42,550
intensity measured by the
photopolarimeter

1942
00:34:42,550 --> 00:34:42,560
photopolarimeter
 

1943
00:34:42,560 --> 00:34:45,030
photopolarimeter
will show us how the flash intensifies

1944
00:34:45,030 --> 00:34:45,040
will show us how the flash intensifies
 

1945
00:34:45,040 --> 00:34:47,349
will show us how the flash intensifies
in the rate at which the flash decays

1946
00:34:47,349 --> 00:34:47,359
in the rate at which the flash decays
 

1947
00:34:47,359 --> 00:34:49,829
in the rate at which the flash decays
um then our last images are h actually

1948
00:34:49,829 --> 00:34:49,839
um then our last images are h actually
 

1949
00:34:49,839 --> 00:34:52,069
um then our last images are h actually
okay thank you and our last images are

1950
00:34:52,069 --> 00:34:52,079
okay thank you and our last images are
 

1951
00:34:52,079 --> 00:34:54,550
okay thank you and our last images are
from a mcdonald observatory um and we

1952
00:34:54,550 --> 00:34:54,560
from a mcdonald observatory um and we
 

1953
00:34:54,560 --> 00:35:00,069
from a mcdonald observatory um and we
have a report from anita cochran there

1954
00:35:00,069 --> 00:35:00,079

 

1955
00:35:00,079 --> 00:35:01,510

we were able to get on in with both of

1956
00:35:01,510 --> 00:35:01,520
we were able to get on in with both of
 

1957
00:35:01,520 --> 00:35:04,150
we were able to get on in with both of
the telescopes and start imaging

1958
00:35:04,150 --> 00:35:04,160
the telescopes and start imaging
 

1959
00:35:04,160 --> 00:35:06,710
the telescopes and start imaging
uh so we didn't actually catch the flash

1960
00:35:06,710 --> 00:35:06,720
uh so we didn't actually catch the flash
 

1961
00:35:06,720 --> 00:35:08,310
uh so we didn't actually catch the flash
of l but we were able to start looking

1962
00:35:08,310 --> 00:35:08,320
of l but we were able to start looking
 

1963
00:35:08,320 --> 00:35:10,950
of l but we were able to start looking
at the morphology of the l-site very

1964
00:35:10,950 --> 00:35:10,960
at the morphology of the l-site very
 

1965
00:35:10,960 --> 00:35:12,630
at the morphology of the l-site very
very quickly

1966
00:35:12,630 --> 00:35:12,640
very quickly
 

1967
00:35:12,640 --> 00:35:13,349
very quickly
the

1968
00:35:13,349 --> 00:35:13,359
the
 

1969
00:35:13,359 --> 00:35:15,990
the
conditions turned spectacular very soon

1970
00:35:15,990 --> 00:35:16,000
conditions turned spectacular very soon
 

1971
00:35:16,000 --> 00:35:18,069
conditions turned spectacular very soon
on we had excellent excellent

1972
00:35:18,069 --> 00:35:18,079
on we had excellent excellent
 

1973
00:35:18,079 --> 00:35:19,589
on we had excellent excellent
transparency

1974
00:35:19,589 --> 00:35:19,599
transparency
 

1975
00:35:19,599 --> 00:35:21,510
transparency
almost all the night

1976
00:35:21,510 --> 00:35:21,520
almost all the night
 

1977
00:35:21,520 --> 00:35:23,349
almost all the night
and extremely stable atmospheric

1978
00:35:23,349 --> 00:35:23,359
and extremely stable atmospheric
 

1979
00:35:23,359 --> 00:35:25,349
and extremely stable atmospheric
conditions so we have some really really

1980
00:35:25,349 --> 00:35:25,359
conditions so we have some really really
 

1981
00:35:25,359 --> 00:35:27,510
conditions so we have some really really
pretty images that we've gotten out with

1982
00:35:27,510 --> 00:35:27,520
pretty images that we've gotten out with
 

1983
00:35:27,520 --> 00:35:30,550
pretty images that we've gotten out with
both an ir camera on the 2.7 meter

1984
00:35:30,550 --> 00:35:30,560
both an ir camera on the 2.7 meter
 

1985
00:35:30,560 --> 00:35:32,630
both an ir camera on the 2.7 meter
telescope and

1986
00:35:32,630 --> 00:35:32,640
telescope and
 

1987
00:35:32,640 --> 00:35:33,750
telescope and
a

1988
00:35:33,750 --> 00:35:33,760
a
 

1989
00:35:33,760 --> 00:35:37,589
a
ccd camera on the 0.8 meter telescope

1990
00:35:37,589 --> 00:35:37,599
ccd camera on the 0.8 meter telescope
 

1991
00:35:37,599 --> 00:35:39,990
ccd camera on the 0.8 meter telescope
we've mostly been running around like

1992
00:35:39,990 --> 00:35:40,000
we've mostly been running around like
 

1993
00:35:40,000 --> 00:35:41,990
we've mostly been running around like
giddy little kids because it's very

1994
00:35:41,990 --> 00:35:42,000
giddy little kids because it's very
 

1995
00:35:42,000 --> 00:35:44,069
giddy little kids because it's very
exciting to watch this we've we've all

1996
00:35:44,069 --> 00:35:44,079
exciting to watch this we've we've all
 

1997
00:35:44,079 --> 00:35:45,589
exciting to watch this we've we've all
had to take our turns looking through

1998
00:35:45,589 --> 00:35:45,599
had to take our turns looking through
 

1999
00:35:45,599 --> 00:35:47,910
had to take our turns looking through
the eyepiece because you can see the

2000
00:35:47,910 --> 00:35:47,920
the eyepiece because you can see the
 

2001
00:35:47,920 --> 00:35:51,270
the eyepiece because you can see the
structure of the spots in the eyepiece

2002
00:35:51,270 --> 00:35:51,280
structure of the spots in the eyepiece
 

2003
00:35:51,280 --> 00:35:53,670
structure of the spots in the eyepiece
in good conditions and

2004
00:35:53,670 --> 00:35:53,680
in good conditions and
 

2005
00:35:53,680 --> 00:35:55,750
in good conditions and
things are just changing and it's so

2006
00:35:55,750 --> 00:35:55,760
things are just changing and it's so
 

2007
00:35:55,760 --> 00:35:58,710
things are just changing and it's so
much fun to watch

2008
00:35:58,710 --> 00:35:58,720

 

2009
00:35:58,720 --> 00:36:00,630

jupiter change below our

2010
00:36:00,630 --> 00:36:00,640
jupiter change below our
 

2011
00:36:00,640 --> 00:36:01,829
jupiter change below our
eyes

2012
00:36:01,829 --> 00:36:01,839
eyes
 

2013
00:36:01,839 --> 00:36:03,349
eyes
image number two

2014
00:36:03,349 --> 00:36:03,359
image number two
 

2015
00:36:03,359 --> 00:36:04,150
image number two
is

2016
00:36:04,150 --> 00:36:04,160
is
 

2017
00:36:04,160 --> 00:36:07,109
is
a methane image taking the ccd camera

2018
00:36:07,109 --> 00:36:07,119
a methane image taking the ccd camera
 

2019
00:36:07,119 --> 00:36:11,430
a methane image taking the ccd camera
and in this image we see a number of the

2020
00:36:11,430 --> 00:36:11,440
and in this image we see a number of the
 

2021
00:36:11,440 --> 00:36:13,430
and in this image we see a number of the
spots but

2022
00:36:13,430 --> 00:36:13,440
spots but
 

2023
00:36:13,440 --> 00:36:15,109
spots but
one of the striking features of this

2024
00:36:15,109 --> 00:36:15,119
one of the striking features of this
 

2025
00:36:15,119 --> 00:36:17,670
one of the striking features of this
image is that the h spot is just

2026
00:36:17,670 --> 00:36:17,680
image is that the h spot is just
 

2027
00:36:17,680 --> 00:36:20,230
image is that the h spot is just
rotating into onto the limb and we've

2028
00:36:20,230 --> 00:36:20,240
rotating into onto the limb and we've
 

2029
00:36:20,240 --> 00:36:22,790
rotating into onto the limb and we've
caught it in this image at a point where

2030
00:36:22,790 --> 00:36:22,800
caught it in this image at a point where
 

2031
00:36:22,800 --> 00:36:25,430
caught it in this image at a point where
we see it detached from the planet

2032
00:36:25,430 --> 00:36:25,440
we see it detached from the planet
 

2033
00:36:25,440 --> 00:36:28,390
we see it detached from the planet
a hydrogen molecular band

2034
00:36:28,390 --> 00:36:28,400
a hydrogen molecular band
 

2035
00:36:28,400 --> 00:36:30,870
a hydrogen molecular band
uh that is again observed with the ir

2036
00:36:30,870 --> 00:36:30,880
uh that is again observed with the ir
 

2037
00:36:30,880 --> 00:36:33,990
uh that is again observed with the ir
camera on the 2.7 meter in this we have

2038
00:36:33,990 --> 00:36:34,000
camera on the 2.7 meter in this we have
 

2039
00:36:34,000 --> 00:36:36,230
camera on the 2.7 meter in this we have
four spots and the great red spot in the

2040
00:36:36,230 --> 00:36:36,240
four spots and the great red spot in the
 

2041
00:36:36,240 --> 00:36:37,510
four spots and the great red spot in the
middle of the planet

2042
00:36:37,510 --> 00:36:37,520
middle of the planet
 

2043
00:36:37,520 --> 00:36:39,510
middle of the planet
uh we sent this in the conventional

2044
00:36:39,510 --> 00:36:39,520
uh we sent this in the conventional
 

2045
00:36:39,520 --> 00:36:42,710
uh we sent this in the conventional
orientation we find amusing to turn this

2046
00:36:42,710 --> 00:36:42,720
orientation we find amusing to turn this
 

2047
00:36:42,720 --> 00:36:44,790
orientation we find amusing to turn this
and some of the other images upside down

2048
00:36:44,790 --> 00:36:44,800
and some of the other images upside down
 

2049
00:36:44,800 --> 00:36:47,109
and some of the other images upside down
and look at it you'll see why when you

2050
00:36:47,109 --> 00:36:47,119
and look at it you'll see why when you
 

2051
00:36:47,119 --> 00:36:52,870
and look at it you'll see why when you
see the image

2052
00:36:52,870 --> 00:36:52,880

 

2053
00:36:52,880 --> 00:36:55,030

okay that sums it up thank you very much

2054
00:36:55,030 --> 00:36:55,040
okay that sums it up thank you very much
 

2055
00:36:55,040 --> 00:36:57,030
okay that sums it up thank you very much
lucy and if i can just sum up all the

2056
00:36:57,030 --> 00:36:57,040
lucy and if i can just sum up all the
 

2057
00:36:57,040 --> 00:36:59,270
lucy and if i can just sum up all the
news we've heard today or not all but

2058
00:36:59,270 --> 00:36:59,280
news we've heard today or not all but
 

2059
00:36:59,280 --> 00:37:02,870
news we've heard today or not all but
the high spots uh we have the detection

2060
00:37:02,870 --> 00:37:02,880
the high spots uh we have the detection
 

2061
00:37:02,880 --> 00:37:07,190
the high spots uh we have the detection
of the diatomic sulfur molecule s sub 2

2062
00:37:07,190 --> 00:37:07,200
of the diatomic sulfur molecule s sub 2
 

2063
00:37:07,200 --> 00:37:09,910
of the diatomic sulfur molecule s sub 2
s2 from the hubble space telescope with

2064
00:37:09,910 --> 00:37:09,920
s2 from the hubble space telescope with
 

2065
00:37:09,920 --> 00:37:10,870
s2 from the hubble space telescope with
the

2066
00:37:10,870 --> 00:37:10,880
the
 

2067
00:37:10,880 --> 00:37:13,030
the
faint object spectrograph roger yell

2068
00:37:13,030 --> 00:37:13,040
faint object spectrograph roger yell
 

2069
00:37:13,040 --> 00:37:16,069
faint object spectrograph roger yell
told us about that we have the

2070
00:37:16,069 --> 00:37:16,079
told us about that we have the
 

2071
00:37:16,079 --> 00:37:18,470
told us about that we have the
these wonderful auroral glows at the

2072
00:37:18,470 --> 00:37:18,480
these wonderful auroral glows at the
 

2073
00:37:18,480 --> 00:37:21,109
these wonderful auroral glows at the
foot points of magnetic field lines in

2074
00:37:21,109 --> 00:37:21,119
foot points of magnetic field lines in
 

2075
00:37:21,119 --> 00:37:23,750
foot points of magnetic field lines in
the north polar cap of jupiter at a

2076
00:37:23,750 --> 00:37:23,760
the north polar cap of jupiter at a
 

2077
00:37:23,760 --> 00:37:25,750
the north polar cap of jupiter at a
lower or more southern

2078
00:37:25,750 --> 00:37:25,760
lower or more southern
 

2079
00:37:25,760 --> 00:37:28,630
lower or more southern
more southerly northern latitude than

2080
00:37:28,630 --> 00:37:28,640
more southerly northern latitude than
 

2081
00:37:28,640 --> 00:37:31,270
more southerly northern latitude than
aurora has been observed before that was

2082
00:37:31,270 --> 00:37:31,280
aurora has been observed before that was
 

2083
00:37:31,280 --> 00:37:33,510
aurora has been observed before that was
done in ultraviolet light as explained

2084
00:37:33,510 --> 00:37:33,520
done in ultraviolet light as explained
 

2085
00:37:33,520 --> 00:37:35,589
done in ultraviolet light as explained
to us by renee prange

2086
00:37:35,589 --> 00:37:35,599
to us by renee prange
 

2087
00:37:35,599 --> 00:37:37,990
to us by renee prange
with the wide field and planetary camera

2088
00:37:37,990 --> 00:37:38,000
with the wide field and planetary camera
 

2089
00:37:38,000 --> 00:37:39,670
with the wide field and planetary camera
too and they know it wasn't there before

2090
00:37:39,670 --> 00:37:39,680
too and they know it wasn't there before
 

2091
00:37:39,680 --> 00:37:42,150
too and they know it wasn't there before
because a few days prior they looked

2092
00:37:42,150 --> 00:37:42,160
because a few days prior they looked
 

2093
00:37:42,160 --> 00:37:44,150
because a few days prior they looked
with the faint object camera also in the

2094
00:37:44,150 --> 00:37:44,160
with the faint object camera also in the
 

2095
00:37:44,160 --> 00:37:46,950
with the faint object camera also in the
ultraviolet david levy told us the g

2096
00:37:46,950 --> 00:37:46,960
ultraviolet david levy told us the g
 

2097
00:37:46,960 --> 00:37:50,069
ultraviolet david levy told us the g
impact site is so extraordinarily

2098
00:37:50,069 --> 00:37:50,079
impact site is so extraordinarily
 

2099
00:37:50,079 --> 00:37:53,109
impact site is so extraordinarily
prominent wonders if maybe that's

2100
00:37:53,109 --> 00:37:53,119
prominent wonders if maybe that's
 

2101
00:37:53,119 --> 00:37:55,030
prominent wonders if maybe that's
comet dust that's making it dark in

2102
00:37:55,030 --> 00:37:55,040
comet dust that's making it dark in
 

2103
00:37:55,040 --> 00:37:57,750
comet dust that's making it dark in
visible light the keck telescope

2104
00:37:57,750 --> 00:37:57,760
visible light the keck telescope
 

2105
00:37:57,760 --> 00:37:59,109
visible light the keck telescope
we saw the

2106
00:37:59,109 --> 00:37:59,119
we saw the
 

2107
00:37:59,119 --> 00:38:02,069
we saw the
hot impact spots still glowing in the

2108
00:38:02,069 --> 00:38:02,079
hot impact spots still glowing in the
 

2109
00:38:02,079 --> 00:38:03,430
hot impact spots still glowing in the
infrared

2110
00:38:03,430 --> 00:38:03,440
infrared
 

2111
00:38:03,440 --> 00:38:05,750
infrared
there's still some heat there after some

2112
00:38:05,750 --> 00:38:05,760
there's still some heat there after some
 

2113
00:38:05,760 --> 00:38:08,470
there's still some heat there after some
days after the first impacts the first

2114
00:38:08,470 --> 00:38:08,480
days after the first impacts the first
 

2115
00:38:08,480 --> 00:38:11,030
days after the first impacts the first
report back from the galileo space probe

2116
00:38:11,030 --> 00:38:11,040
report back from the galileo space probe
 

2117
00:38:11,040 --> 00:38:12,710
report back from the galileo space probe
you're wondering why we told you you

2118
00:38:12,710 --> 00:38:12,720
you're wondering why we told you you
 

2119
00:38:12,720 --> 00:38:14,550
you're wondering why we told you you
won't see anything for weeks from

2120
00:38:14,550 --> 00:38:14,560
won't see anything for weeks from
 

2121
00:38:14,560 --> 00:38:16,510
won't see anything for weeks from
galileo that's images these

2122
00:38:16,510 --> 00:38:16,520
galileo that's images these
 

2123
00:38:16,520 --> 00:38:18,710
galileo that's images these
photopolarimeter measurements the much

2124
00:38:18,710 --> 00:38:18,720
photopolarimeter measurements the much
 

2125
00:38:18,720 --> 00:38:20,550
photopolarimeter measurements the much
lower data rate you get it back pretty

2126
00:38:20,550 --> 00:38:20,560
lower data rate you get it back pretty
 

2127
00:38:20,560 --> 00:38:22,790
lower data rate you get it back pretty
rapidly galileo at a distance of about

2128
00:38:22,790 --> 00:38:22,800
rapidly galileo at a distance of about
 

2129
00:38:22,800 --> 00:38:27,349
rapidly galileo at a distance of about
150 million miles looking in the 90 450

2130
00:38:27,349 --> 00:38:27,359
150 million miles looking in the 90 450
 

2131
00:38:27,359 --> 00:38:31,670
150 million miles looking in the 90 450
nanometer 450 angstrom or 945 nanometers

2132
00:38:31,670 --> 00:38:31,680
nanometer 450 angstrom or 945 nanometers
 

2133
00:38:31,680 --> 00:38:34,550
nanometer 450 angstrom or 945 nanometers
sees

2134
00:38:34,550 --> 00:38:34,560

 

2135
00:38:34,560 --> 00:38:36,630

the h-spot

2136
00:38:36,630 --> 00:38:36,640
the h-spot
 

2137
00:38:36,640 --> 00:38:37,829
the h-spot
the

2138
00:38:37,829 --> 00:38:37,839
the
 

2139
00:38:37,839 --> 00:38:40,150
the
the kuiper airborne observatory the

2140
00:38:40,150 --> 00:38:40,160
the kuiper airborne observatory the
 

2141
00:38:40,160 --> 00:38:42,710
the kuiper airborne observatory the
audio report from gordon yoracker

2142
00:38:42,710 --> 00:38:42,720
audio report from gordon yoracker
 

2143
00:38:42,720 --> 00:38:44,710
audio report from gordon yoracker
told us about the heating of the methane

2144
00:38:44,710 --> 00:38:44,720
told us about the heating of the methane
 

2145
00:38:44,720 --> 00:38:47,589
told us about the heating of the methane
gas in the stratosphere and then anita

2146
00:38:47,589 --> 00:38:47,599
gas in the stratosphere and then anita
 

2147
00:38:47,599 --> 00:38:49,589
gas in the stratosphere and then anita
neil cochran at the mcdonald observatory

2148
00:38:49,589 --> 00:38:49,599
neil cochran at the mcdonald observatory
 

2149
00:38:49,599 --> 00:38:51,829
neil cochran at the mcdonald observatory
fort davis texas looking in the

2150
00:38:51,829 --> 00:38:51,839
fort davis texas looking in the
 

2151
00:38:51,839 --> 00:38:54,950
fort davis texas looking in the
molecular hydrogen or h2 band you see

2152
00:38:54,950 --> 00:38:54,960
molecular hydrogen or h2 band you see
 

2153
00:38:54,960 --> 00:38:57,190
molecular hydrogen or h2 band you see
some glowing features and spots you turn

2154
00:38:57,190 --> 00:38:57,200
some glowing features and spots you turn
 

2155
00:38:57,200 --> 00:38:59,270
some glowing features and spots you turn
it upside down and you have jupiter

2156
00:38:59,270 --> 00:38:59,280
it upside down and you have jupiter
 

2157
00:38:59,280 --> 00:39:01,349
it upside down and you have jupiter
doesn't seem so unhappy

2158
00:39:01,349 --> 00:39:01,359
doesn't seem so unhappy
 

2159
00:39:01,359 --> 00:39:04,069
doesn't seem so unhappy
after all don

2160
00:39:04,069 --> 00:39:04,079
after all don
 

2161
00:39:04,079 --> 00:39:06,069
after all don
thank you steve we're going to turn to

2162
00:39:06,069 --> 00:39:06,079
thank you steve we're going to turn to
 

2163
00:39:06,079 --> 00:39:08,230
thank you steve we're going to turn to
question and answers here at goddard and

2164
00:39:08,230 --> 00:39:08,240
question and answers here at goddard and
 

2165
00:39:08,240 --> 00:39:09,750
question and answers here at goddard and
i understand we have a lot of questions

2166
00:39:09,750 --> 00:39:09,760
i understand we have a lot of questions
 

2167
00:39:09,760 --> 00:39:12,069
i understand we have a lot of questions
from our center so i hope we have enough

2168
00:39:12,069 --> 00:39:12,079
from our center so i hope we have enough
 

2169
00:39:12,079 --> 00:39:14,310
from our center so i hope we have enough
time on the satellite we'll start here

2170
00:39:14,310 --> 00:39:14,320
time on the satellite we'll start here
 

2171
00:39:14,320 --> 00:39:16,150
time on the satellite we'll start here
front row with

2172
00:39:16,150 --> 00:39:16,160
front row with
 

2173
00:39:16,160 --> 00:39:17,430
front row with
bill

2174
00:39:17,430 --> 00:39:17,440
bill
 

2175
00:39:17,440 --> 00:39:19,030
bill
please state your name and affiliation

2176
00:39:19,030 --> 00:39:19,040
please state your name and affiliation
 

2177
00:39:19,040 --> 00:39:21,430
please state your name and affiliation
bill harwood cbs and i'm maybe asking

2178
00:39:21,430 --> 00:39:21,440
bill harwood cbs and i'm maybe asking
 

2179
00:39:21,440 --> 00:39:23,030
bill harwood cbs and i'm maybe asking
you if you'd maybe be more elementary in

2180
00:39:23,030 --> 00:39:23,040
you if you'd maybe be more elementary in
 

2181
00:39:23,040 --> 00:39:24,710
you if you'd maybe be more elementary in
terms of the significance of the sulfur

2182
00:39:24,710 --> 00:39:24,720
terms of the significance of the sulfur
 

2183
00:39:24,720 --> 00:39:26,950
terms of the significance of the sulfur
observation if you knew that sulfur is

2184
00:39:26,950 --> 00:39:26,960
observation if you knew that sulfur is
 

2185
00:39:26,960 --> 00:39:28,870
observation if you knew that sulfur is
in the atmosphere anyway and you don't

2186
00:39:28,870 --> 00:39:28,880
in the atmosphere anyway and you don't
 

2187
00:39:28,880 --> 00:39:30,550
in the atmosphere anyway and you don't
know where this sulfur comes from i'm

2188
00:39:30,550 --> 00:39:30,560
know where this sulfur comes from i'm
 

2189
00:39:30,560 --> 00:39:32,710
know where this sulfur comes from i'm
confused as to the significance of that

2190
00:39:32,710 --> 00:39:32,720
confused as to the significance of that
 

2191
00:39:32,720 --> 00:39:34,550
confused as to the significance of that
and also i was reading a message on the

2192
00:39:34,550 --> 00:39:34,560
and also i was reading a message on the
 

2193
00:39:34,560 --> 00:39:35,829
and also i was reading a message on the
internet yesterday from some other

2194
00:39:35,829 --> 00:39:35,839
internet yesterday from some other
 

2195
00:39:35,839 --> 00:39:37,910
internet yesterday from some other
university of arizona researchers who

2196
00:39:37,910 --> 00:39:37,920
university of arizona researchers who
 

2197
00:39:37,920 --> 00:39:39,190
university of arizona researchers who
were claiming that they had done some

2198
00:39:39,190 --> 00:39:39,200
were claiming that they had done some
 

2199
00:39:39,200 --> 00:39:41,190
were claiming that they had done some
studies or observations that indicated

2200
00:39:41,190 --> 00:39:41,200
studies or observations that indicated
 

2201
00:39:41,200 --> 00:39:43,270
studies or observations that indicated
they were actually seeing commentary

2202
00:39:43,270 --> 00:39:43,280
they were actually seeing commentary
 

2203
00:39:43,280 --> 00:39:44,870
they were actually seeing commentary
material and i'm wondering if these two

2204
00:39:44,870 --> 00:39:44,880
material and i'm wondering if these two
 

2205
00:39:44,880 --> 00:39:46,470
material and i'm wondering if these two
things are linking up somehow or there's

2206
00:39:46,470 --> 00:39:46,480
things are linking up somehow or there's
 

2207
00:39:46,480 --> 00:39:47,990
things are linking up somehow or there's
totally separate issues

2208
00:39:47,990 --> 00:39:48,000
totally separate issues
 

2209
00:39:48,000 --> 00:39:49,910
totally separate issues
um

2210
00:39:49,910 --> 00:39:49,920
um
 

2211
00:39:49,920 --> 00:39:51,670
um
okay first of all we we believe that

2212
00:39:51,670 --> 00:39:51,680
okay first of all we we believe that
 

2213
00:39:51,680 --> 00:39:53,510
okay first of all we we believe that
there's sulfur in the atmosphere of

2214
00:39:53,510 --> 00:39:53,520
there's sulfur in the atmosphere of
 

2215
00:39:53,520 --> 00:39:54,630
there's sulfur in the atmosphere of
jupiter

2216
00:39:54,630 --> 00:39:54,640
jupiter
 

2217
00:39:54,640 --> 00:39:56,150
jupiter
although we hadn't detected it yet just

2218
00:39:56,150 --> 00:39:56,160
although we hadn't detected it yet just
 

2219
00:39:56,160 --> 00:39:58,069
although we hadn't detected it yet just
because the solar system has sulfur in

2220
00:39:58,069 --> 00:39:58,079
because the solar system has sulfur in
 

2221
00:39:58,079 --> 00:39:59,910
because the solar system has sulfur in
it and jupiter should not be an

2222
00:39:59,910 --> 00:39:59,920
it and jupiter should not be an
 

2223
00:39:59,920 --> 00:40:01,990
it and jupiter should not be an
exception however that sulfur is deep in

2224
00:40:01,990 --> 00:40:02,000
exception however that sulfur is deep in
 

2225
00:40:02,000 --> 00:40:03,670
exception however that sulfur is deep in
the atmosphere

2226
00:40:03,670 --> 00:40:03,680
the atmosphere
 

2227
00:40:03,680 --> 00:40:05,589
the atmosphere
it's in the form of hydrogen sulfide we

2228
00:40:05,589 --> 00:40:05,599
it's in the form of hydrogen sulfide we
 

2229
00:40:05,599 --> 00:40:07,750
it's in the form of hydrogen sulfide we
believe h2s and as you go higher in

2230
00:40:07,750 --> 00:40:07,760
believe h2s and as you go higher in
 

2231
00:40:07,760 --> 00:40:09,670
believe h2s and as you go higher in
jupiter's atmosphere it gets colder just

2232
00:40:09,670 --> 00:40:09,680
jupiter's atmosphere it gets colder just
 

2233
00:40:09,680 --> 00:40:11,430
jupiter's atmosphere it gets colder just
like it does in the earth's atmosphere

2234
00:40:11,430 --> 00:40:11,440
like it does in the earth's atmosphere
 

2235
00:40:11,440 --> 00:40:12,950
like it does in the earth's atmosphere
you form clouds

2236
00:40:12,950 --> 00:40:12,960
you form clouds
 

2237
00:40:12,960 --> 00:40:14,470
you form clouds
and the

2238
00:40:14,470 --> 00:40:14,480
and the
 

2239
00:40:14,480 --> 00:40:16,550
and the
hydrogen sulfide should disappear into

2240
00:40:16,550 --> 00:40:16,560
hydrogen sulfide should disappear into
 

2241
00:40:16,560 --> 00:40:18,630
hydrogen sulfide should disappear into
clouds at a fairly deep level in

2242
00:40:18,630 --> 00:40:18,640
clouds at a fairly deep level in
 

2243
00:40:18,640 --> 00:40:21,270
clouds at a fairly deep level in
jupiter's atmosphere so

2244
00:40:21,270 --> 00:40:21,280
jupiter's atmosphere so
 

2245
00:40:21,280 --> 00:40:23,510
jupiter's atmosphere so
just as an example potentially we could

2246
00:40:23,510 --> 00:40:23,520
just as an example potentially we could
 

2247
00:40:23,520 --> 00:40:25,430
just as an example potentially we could
convince ourselves that this material

2248
00:40:25,430 --> 00:40:25,440
convince ourselves that this material
 

2249
00:40:25,440 --> 00:40:26,550
convince ourselves that this material
was coming

2250
00:40:26,550 --> 00:40:26,560
was coming
 

2251
00:40:26,560 --> 00:40:28,630
was coming
from jupiter not from the comet that

2252
00:40:28,630 --> 00:40:28,640
from jupiter not from the comet that
 

2253
00:40:28,640 --> 00:40:30,069
from jupiter not from the comet that
would tell us something about the depth

2254
00:40:30,069 --> 00:40:30,079
would tell us something about the depth
 

2255
00:40:30,079 --> 00:40:32,550
would tell us something about the depth
to which the cometary fragments

2256
00:40:32,550 --> 00:40:32,560
to which the cometary fragments
 

2257
00:40:32,560 --> 00:40:34,309
to which the cometary fragments
penetrated

2258
00:40:34,309 --> 00:40:34,319
penetrated
 

2259
00:40:34,319 --> 00:40:35,829
penetrated
i think maybe you're referring to the

2260
00:40:35,829 --> 00:40:35,839
i think maybe you're referring to the
 

2261
00:40:35,839 --> 00:40:37,430
i think maybe you're referring to the
second part of your question i think

2262
00:40:37,430 --> 00:40:37,440
second part of your question i think
 

2263
00:40:37,440 --> 00:40:38,790
second part of your question i think
perhaps you're referring to an article

2264
00:40:38,790 --> 00:40:38,800
perhaps you're referring to an article
 

2265
00:40:38,800 --> 00:40:40,069
perhaps you're referring to an article
that was in the new york times this

2266
00:40:40,069 --> 00:40:40,079
that was in the new york times this
 

2267
00:40:40,079 --> 00:40:43,030
that was in the new york times this
morning i understood on the internet

2268
00:40:43,030 --> 00:40:43,040
morning i understood on the internet
 

2269
00:40:43,040 --> 00:40:44,309
morning i understood on the internet
no

2270
00:40:44,309 --> 00:40:44,319
no
 

2271
00:40:44,319 --> 00:40:47,109
no
that the material was commentary

2272
00:40:47,109 --> 00:40:47,119
that the material was commentary
 

2273
00:40:47,119 --> 00:40:50,950
that the material was commentary
well i i didn't see it but what what's

2274
00:40:50,950 --> 00:40:50,960
well i i didn't see it but what what's
 

2275
00:40:50,960 --> 00:40:52,710
well i i didn't see it but what what's
what jumps out at us from looking at

2276
00:40:52,710 --> 00:40:52,720
what jumps out at us from looking at
 

2277
00:40:52,720 --> 00:40:54,710
what jumps out at us from looking at
this at least from the hst data is that

2278
00:40:54,710 --> 00:40:54,720
this at least from the hst data is that
 

2279
00:40:54,720 --> 00:40:57,270
this at least from the hst data is that
the molecules we've seen so far ammonia

2280
00:40:57,270 --> 00:40:57,280
the molecules we've seen so far ammonia
 

2281
00:40:57,280 --> 00:40:59,589
the molecules we've seen so far ammonia
and sulfur molecules are things that are

2282
00:40:59,589 --> 00:40:59,599
and sulfur molecules are things that are
 

2283
00:40:59,599 --> 00:41:01,589
and sulfur molecules are things that are
in the clouds of jupiter

2284
00:41:01,589 --> 00:41:01,599
in the clouds of jupiter
 

2285
00:41:01,599 --> 00:41:03,190
in the clouds of jupiter
um there's also an ammonia cloud in

2286
00:41:03,190 --> 00:41:03,200
um there's also an ammonia cloud in
 

2287
00:41:03,200 --> 00:41:05,109
um there's also an ammonia cloud in
jupiter the visible clouds on jupiter

2288
00:41:05,109 --> 00:41:05,119
jupiter the visible clouds on jupiter
 

2289
00:41:05,119 --> 00:41:06,069
jupiter the visible clouds on jupiter
that we

2290
00:41:06,069 --> 00:41:06,079
that we
 

2291
00:41:06,079 --> 00:41:08,390
that we
see those are ammonia that's right and

2292
00:41:08,390 --> 00:41:08,400
see those are ammonia that's right and
 

2293
00:41:08,400 --> 00:41:10,550
see those are ammonia that's right and
the there's an ammonia hydrosulfide

2294
00:41:10,550 --> 00:41:10,560
the there's an ammonia hydrosulfide
 

2295
00:41:10,560 --> 00:41:12,630
the there's an ammonia hydrosulfide
cloud which is at a deeper level below

2296
00:41:12,630 --> 00:41:12,640
cloud which is at a deeper level below
 

2297
00:41:12,640 --> 00:41:14,230
cloud which is at a deeper level below
one bar

2298
00:41:14,230 --> 00:41:14,240
one bar
 

2299
00:41:14,240 --> 00:41:15,990
one bar
there are other molecules associated

2300
00:41:15,990 --> 00:41:16,000
there are other molecules associated
 

2301
00:41:16,000 --> 00:41:18,150
there are other molecules associated
with comets oxygen

2302
00:41:18,150 --> 00:41:18,160
with comets oxygen
 

2303
00:41:18,160 --> 00:41:19,910
with comets oxygen
you might expect to see oxygen molecules

2304
00:41:19,910 --> 00:41:19,920
you might expect to see oxygen molecules
 

2305
00:41:19,920 --> 00:41:21,670
you might expect to see oxygen molecules
for example we don't see any of those

2306
00:41:21,670 --> 00:41:21,680
for example we don't see any of those
 

2307
00:41:21,680 --> 00:41:23,589
for example we don't see any of those
what we see so far is things from

2308
00:41:23,589 --> 00:41:23,599
what we see so far is things from
 

2309
00:41:23,599 --> 00:41:25,510
what we see so far is things from
jupiter and

2310
00:41:25,510 --> 00:41:25,520
jupiter and
 

2311
00:41:25,520 --> 00:41:27,030
jupiter and
well you know this is going to be a long

2312
00:41:27,030 --> 00:41:27,040
well you know this is going to be a long
 

2313
00:41:27,040 --> 00:41:28,230
well you know this is going to be a long
story but

2314
00:41:28,230 --> 00:41:28,240
story but
 

2315
00:41:28,240 --> 00:41:31,349
story but
i don't understand that that internet

2316
00:41:31,349 --> 00:41:31,359
i don't understand that that internet
 

2317
00:41:31,359 --> 00:41:34,710
i don't understand that that internet
message

2318
00:41:34,710 --> 00:41:34,720

 

2319
00:41:34,720 --> 00:41:36,790

i'm still awfully um ignorant of

2320
00:41:36,790 --> 00:41:36,800
i'm still awfully um ignorant of
 

2321
00:41:36,800 --> 00:41:39,030
i'm still awfully um ignorant of
chemistry what is exciting what bob cook

2322
00:41:39,030 --> 00:41:39,040
chemistry what is exciting what bob cook
 

2323
00:41:39,040 --> 00:41:40,550
chemistry what is exciting what bob cook
at newsday what is so exciting about

2324
00:41:40,550 --> 00:41:40,560
at newsday what is so exciting about
 

2325
00:41:40,560 --> 00:41:42,630
at newsday what is so exciting about
finding this sulfur is why would the man

2326
00:41:42,630 --> 00:41:42,640
finding this sulfur is why would the man
 

2327
00:41:42,640 --> 00:41:43,910
finding this sulfur is why would the man
in the street want to jump up and down

2328
00:41:43,910 --> 00:41:43,920
in the street want to jump up and down
 

2329
00:41:43,920 --> 00:41:45,270
in the street want to jump up and down
about this

2330
00:41:45,270 --> 00:41:45,280
about this
 

2331
00:41:45,280 --> 00:41:47,109
about this
um well as i just said i might tell you

2332
00:41:47,109 --> 00:41:47,119
um well as i just said i might tell you
 

2333
00:41:47,119 --> 00:41:49,030
um well as i just said i might tell you
something about the impact itself

2334
00:41:49,030 --> 00:41:49,040
something about the impact itself
 

2335
00:41:49,040 --> 00:41:51,670
something about the impact itself
uh the particular molecule

2336
00:41:51,670 --> 00:41:51,680
uh the particular molecule
 

2337
00:41:51,680 --> 00:41:53,349
uh the particular molecule
to be perfectly honest i don't know a

2338
00:41:53,349 --> 00:41:53,359
to be perfectly honest i don't know a
 

2339
00:41:53,359 --> 00:41:54,950
to be perfectly honest i don't know a
lot about it because i didn't expect to

2340
00:41:54,950 --> 00:41:54,960
lot about it because i didn't expect to
 

2341
00:41:54,960 --> 00:41:57,510
lot about it because i didn't expect to
see it

2342
00:41:57,510 --> 00:41:57,520

 

2343
00:41:57,520 --> 00:41:59,510

so it's a surprise

2344
00:41:59,510 --> 00:41:59,520
so it's a surprise
 

2345
00:41:59,520 --> 00:42:01,030
so it's a surprise
it'll be interesting to watch how this

2346
00:42:01,030 --> 00:42:01,040
it'll be interesting to watch how this
 

2347
00:42:01,040 --> 00:42:03,589
it'll be interesting to watch how this
develops in time one of the

2348
00:42:03,589 --> 00:42:03,599
develops in time one of the
 

2349
00:42:03,599 --> 00:42:05,349
develops in time one of the
one of the reasons this is interesting i

2350
00:42:05,349 --> 00:42:05,359
one of the reasons this is interesting i
 

2351
00:42:05,359 --> 00:42:07,430
one of the reasons this is interesting i
study atmospheres rather than comets

2352
00:42:07,430 --> 00:42:07,440
study atmospheres rather than comets
 

2353
00:42:07,440 --> 00:42:08,390
study atmospheres rather than comets
although i think comments are

2354
00:42:08,390 --> 00:42:08,400
although i think comments are
 

2355
00:42:08,400 --> 00:42:10,309
although i think comments are
interesting too but the best way to

2356
00:42:10,309 --> 00:42:10,319
interesting too but the best way to
 

2357
00:42:10,319 --> 00:42:11,990
interesting too but the best way to
learn about something not just an

2358
00:42:11,990 --> 00:42:12,000
learn about something not just an
 

2359
00:42:12,000 --> 00:42:13,430
learn about something not just an
atmosphere is to poke it and see what

2360
00:42:13,430 --> 00:42:13,440
atmosphere is to poke it and see what
 

2361
00:42:13,440 --> 00:42:15,270
atmosphere is to poke it and see what
happens so we just gave jupiter's

2362
00:42:15,270 --> 00:42:15,280
happens so we just gave jupiter's
 

2363
00:42:15,280 --> 00:42:17,190
happens so we just gave jupiter's
atmosphere a giant poke and we're going

2364
00:42:17,190 --> 00:42:17,200
atmosphere a giant poke and we're going
 

2365
00:42:17,200 --> 00:42:18,950
atmosphere a giant poke and we're going
to see how it develops in time and

2366
00:42:18,950 --> 00:42:18,960
to see how it develops in time and
 

2367
00:42:18,960 --> 00:42:20,150
to see how it develops in time and
that's going to tell us something about

2368
00:42:20,150 --> 00:42:20,160
that's going to tell us something about
 

2369
00:42:20,160 --> 00:42:21,990
that's going to tell us something about
how atmospheres behave it's going to add

2370
00:42:21,990 --> 00:42:22,000
how atmospheres behave it's going to add
 

2371
00:42:22,000 --> 00:42:24,230
how atmospheres behave it's going to add
to our knowledge base of atmospheres and

2372
00:42:24,230 --> 00:42:24,240
to our knowledge base of atmospheres and
 

2373
00:42:24,240 --> 00:42:26,069
to our knowledge base of atmospheres and
that's going to be useful for uh for our

2374
00:42:26,069 --> 00:42:26,079
that's going to be useful for uh for our
 

2375
00:42:26,079 --> 00:42:27,589
that's going to be useful for uh for our
society it'll help us understand the

2376
00:42:27,589 --> 00:42:27,599
society it'll help us understand the
 

2377
00:42:27,599 --> 00:42:31,990
society it'll help us understand the
earth's atmosphere ultimately

2378
00:42:31,990 --> 00:42:32,000

 

2379
00:42:32,000 --> 00:42:33,589

uh shin yoshi

2380
00:42:33,589 --> 00:42:33,599
uh shin yoshi
 

2381
00:42:33,599 --> 00:42:35,589
uh shin yoshi
i have a question a question to dr

2382
00:42:35,589 --> 00:42:35,599
i have a question a question to dr
 

2383
00:42:35,599 --> 00:42:36,630
i have a question a question to dr
branje

2384
00:42:36,630 --> 00:42:36,640
branje
 

2385
00:42:36,640 --> 00:42:39,270
branje
you told us about the change of aura of

2386
00:42:39,270 --> 00:42:39,280
you told us about the change of aura of
 

2387
00:42:39,280 --> 00:42:41,589
you told us about the change of aura of
jupiter and we have some example that

2388
00:42:41,589 --> 00:42:41,599
jupiter and we have some example that
 

2389
00:42:41,599 --> 00:42:43,829
jupiter and we have some example that
the same thing happened

2390
00:42:43,829 --> 00:42:43,839
the same thing happened
 

2391
00:42:43,839 --> 00:42:46,470
the same thing happened
to earth in the past and the what is the

2392
00:42:46,470 --> 00:42:46,480
to earth in the past and the what is the
 

2393
00:42:46,480 --> 00:42:49,349
to earth in the past and the what is the
meaning of your discovery from jupiter

2394
00:42:49,349 --> 00:42:49,359
meaning of your discovery from jupiter
 

2395
00:42:49,359 --> 00:42:51,030
meaning of your discovery from jupiter
to us like

2396
00:42:51,030 --> 00:42:51,040
to us like
 

2397
00:42:51,040 --> 00:42:53,270
to us like
knowing about the aura of earth and

2398
00:42:53,270 --> 00:42:53,280
knowing about the aura of earth and
 

2399
00:42:53,280 --> 00:42:54,950
knowing about the aura of earth and
knowing about the

2400
00:42:54,950 --> 00:42:54,960
knowing about the
 

2401
00:42:54,960 --> 00:42:58,230
knowing about the
meaning of the weather of earth and what

2402
00:42:58,230 --> 00:42:58,240
meaning of the weather of earth and what
 

2403
00:42:58,240 --> 00:42:59,750
meaning of the weather of earth and what
if something happened

2404
00:42:59,750 --> 00:42:59,760
if something happened
 

2405
00:42:59,760 --> 00:43:02,150
if something happened
like jupiter to earth

2406
00:43:02,150 --> 00:43:02,160
like jupiter to earth
 

2407
00:43:02,160 --> 00:43:04,950
like jupiter to earth
what is the meaning for our life i mean

2408
00:43:04,950 --> 00:43:04,960
what is the meaning for our life i mean
 

2409
00:43:04,960 --> 00:43:06,790
what is the meaning for our life i mean
like a short wave transmission or

2410
00:43:06,790 --> 00:43:06,800
like a short wave transmission or
 

2411
00:43:06,800 --> 00:43:08,550
like a short wave transmission or
something

2412
00:43:08,550 --> 00:43:08,560
something
 

2413
00:43:08,560 --> 00:43:12,150
something
well i think what we see

2414
00:43:12,150 --> 00:43:12,160
well i think what we see
 

2415
00:43:12,160 --> 00:43:14,710
well i think what we see
is the effect of the comet the

2416
00:43:14,710 --> 00:43:14,720
is the effect of the comet the
 

2417
00:43:14,720 --> 00:43:18,150
is the effect of the comet the
gas or the or both maybe the the dust in

2418
00:43:18,150 --> 00:43:18,160
gas or the or both maybe the the dust in
 

2419
00:43:18,160 --> 00:43:20,230
gas or the or both maybe the the dust in
the in the comma of the comet which has

2420
00:43:20,230 --> 00:43:20,240
the in the comma of the comet which has
 

2421
00:43:20,240 --> 00:43:23,430
the in the comma of the comet which has
been ionized or the other option the gas

2422
00:43:23,430 --> 00:43:23,440
been ionized or the other option the gas
 

2423
00:43:23,440 --> 00:43:25,670
been ionized or the other option the gas
which has been ejected in after the the

2424
00:43:25,670 --> 00:43:25,680
which has been ejected in after the the
 

2425
00:43:25,680 --> 00:43:27,910
which has been ejected in after the the
fireball and it was very very hot hot

2426
00:43:27,910 --> 00:43:27,920
fireball and it was very very hot hot
 

2427
00:43:27,920 --> 00:43:29,670
fireball and it was very very hot hot
enough to be ionized so these are the

2428
00:43:29,670 --> 00:43:29,680
enough to be ionized so these are the
 

2429
00:43:29,680 --> 00:43:30,870
enough to be ionized so these are the
two options

2430
00:43:30,870 --> 00:43:30,880
two options
 

2431
00:43:30,880 --> 00:43:32,550
two options
in the case we get

2432
00:43:32,550 --> 00:43:32,560
in the case we get
 

2433
00:43:32,560 --> 00:43:35,430
in the case we get
uh some ions and electrons which are

2434
00:43:35,430 --> 00:43:35,440
uh some ions and electrons which are
 

2435
00:43:35,440 --> 00:43:38,230
uh some ions and electrons which are
free in free space and we we know from

2436
00:43:38,230 --> 00:43:38,240
free in free space and we we know from
 

2437
00:43:38,240 --> 00:43:40,390
free in free space and we we know from
the fact that they have been

2438
00:43:40,390 --> 00:43:40,400
the fact that they have been
 

2439
00:43:40,400 --> 00:43:42,069
the fact that they have been
they have been able to go

2440
00:43:42,069 --> 00:43:42,079
they have been able to go
 

2441
00:43:42,079 --> 00:43:43,990
they have been able to go
along the field lines and to to excite

2442
00:43:43,990 --> 00:43:44,000
along the field lines and to to excite
 

2443
00:43:44,000 --> 00:43:46,230
along the field lines and to to excite
to glow they are on the other side we

2444
00:43:46,230 --> 00:43:46,240
to glow they are on the other side we
 

2445
00:43:46,240 --> 00:43:47,829
to glow they are on the other side we
know that they have been put at very

2446
00:43:47,829 --> 00:43:47,839
know that they have been put at very
 

2447
00:43:47,839 --> 00:43:49,190
know that they have been put at very
high energy

2448
00:43:49,190 --> 00:43:49,200
high energy
 

2449
00:43:49,200 --> 00:43:51,030
high energy
the kind of thing we can learn from that

2450
00:43:51,030 --> 00:43:51,040
the kind of thing we can learn from that
 

2451
00:43:51,040 --> 00:43:53,510
the kind of thing we can learn from that
is the processes in the in the

2452
00:43:53,510 --> 00:43:53,520
is the processes in the in the
 

2453
00:43:53,520 --> 00:43:55,270
is the processes in the in the
process in the command which how they

2454
00:43:55,270 --> 00:43:55,280
process in the command which how they
 

2455
00:43:55,280 --> 00:43:56,069
process in the command which how they
can

2456
00:43:56,069 --> 00:43:56,079
can
 

2457
00:43:56,079 --> 00:43:58,550
can
ionize how they can be accelerated and

2458
00:43:58,550 --> 00:43:58,560
ionize how they can be accelerated and
 

2459
00:43:58,560 --> 00:44:00,710
ionize how they can be accelerated and
then how how these particles are

2460
00:44:00,710 --> 00:44:00,720
then how how these particles are
 

2461
00:44:00,720 --> 00:44:03,270
then how how these particles are
accelerated in the microsphere itself

2462
00:44:03,270 --> 00:44:03,280
accelerated in the microsphere itself
 

2463
00:44:03,280 --> 00:44:06,150
accelerated in the microsphere itself
this this is a problem which is of high

2464
00:44:06,150 --> 00:44:06,160
this this is a problem which is of high
 

2465
00:44:06,160 --> 00:44:08,950
this this is a problem which is of high
interest for physics and on earth there

2466
00:44:08,950 --> 00:44:08,960
interest for physics and on earth there
 

2467
00:44:08,960 --> 00:44:11,190
interest for physics and on earth there
are numbers of satellites which have

2468
00:44:11,190 --> 00:44:11,200
are numbers of satellites which have
 

2469
00:44:11,200 --> 00:44:14,069
are numbers of satellites which have
electron guns ion guns which

2470
00:44:14,069 --> 00:44:14,079
electron guns ion guns which
 

2471
00:44:14,079 --> 00:44:16,309
electron guns ion guns which
artificially accelerate ions and

2472
00:44:16,309 --> 00:44:16,319
artificially accelerate ions and
 

2473
00:44:16,319 --> 00:44:17,430
artificially accelerate ions and
electrons to

2474
00:44:17,430 --> 00:44:17,440
electrons to
 

2475
00:44:17,440 --> 00:44:19,349
electrons to
thousands of volts and see what happens

2476
00:44:19,349 --> 00:44:19,359
thousands of volts and see what happens
 

2477
00:44:19,359 --> 00:44:21,109
thousands of volts and see what happens
at the footprint on earth of course

2478
00:44:21,109 --> 00:44:21,119
at the footprint on earth of course
 

2479
00:44:21,119 --> 00:44:23,510
at the footprint on earth of course
there were one or more experiments i i

2480
00:44:23,510 --> 00:44:23,520
there were one or more experiments i i
 

2481
00:44:23,520 --> 00:44:24,870
there were one or more experiments i i
don't remember when but the first one

2482
00:44:24,870 --> 00:44:24,880
don't remember when but the first one
 

2483
00:44:24,880 --> 00:44:27,270
don't remember when but the first one
was authorized by president kennedy the

2484
00:44:27,270 --> 00:44:27,280
was authorized by president kennedy the
 

2485
00:44:27,280 --> 00:44:29,910
was authorized by president kennedy the
uh to explode a nuclear weapon up in the

2486
00:44:29,910 --> 00:44:29,920
uh to explode a nuclear weapon up in the
 

2487
00:44:29,920 --> 00:44:32,150
uh to explode a nuclear weapon up in the
magnetosphere and see the effect of the

2488
00:44:32,150 --> 00:44:32,160
magnetosphere and see the effect of the
 

2489
00:44:32,160 --> 00:44:33,510
magnetosphere and see the effect of the
precipitating

2490
00:44:33,510 --> 00:44:33,520
precipitating
 

2491
00:44:33,520 --> 00:44:36,550
precipitating
particles of the famous was debated

2492
00:44:36,550 --> 00:44:36,560
particles of the famous was debated
 

2493
00:44:36,560 --> 00:44:38,230
particles of the famous was debated
whether it would be safe or not and

2494
00:44:38,230 --> 00:44:38,240
whether it would be safe or not and
 

2495
00:44:38,240 --> 00:44:41,349
whether it would be safe or not and
finally kennedy called van allen he said

2496
00:44:41,349 --> 00:44:41,359
finally kennedy called van allen he said
 

2497
00:44:41,359 --> 00:44:43,030
finally kennedy called van allen he said
it's his belts and

2498
00:44:43,030 --> 00:44:43,040
it's his belts and
 

2499
00:44:43,040 --> 00:44:44,550
it's his belts and
he's all right

2500
00:44:44,550 --> 00:44:44,560
he's all right
 

2501
00:44:44,560 --> 00:44:46,710
he's all right
i think the other part of your question

2502
00:44:46,710 --> 00:44:46,720
i think the other part of your question
 

2503
00:44:46,720 --> 00:44:48,550
i think the other part of your question
was what would be the effect on the

2504
00:44:48,550 --> 00:44:48,560
was what would be the effect on the
 

2505
00:44:48,560 --> 00:44:50,309
was what would be the effect on the
earth well of course there might be

2506
00:44:50,309 --> 00:44:50,319
earth well of course there might be
 

2507
00:44:50,319 --> 00:44:52,150
earth well of course there might be
geomagnetic storm or something like that

2508
00:44:52,150 --> 00:44:52,160
geomagnetic storm or something like that
 

2509
00:44:52,160 --> 00:44:55,270
geomagnetic storm or something like that
but comet hits the earth then the

2510
00:44:55,270 --> 00:44:55,280
but comet hits the earth then the
 

2511
00:44:55,280 --> 00:44:57,510
but comet hits the earth then the
the uh effects and magnetosphere will be

2512
00:44:57,510 --> 00:44:57,520
the uh effects and magnetosphere will be
 

2513
00:44:57,520 --> 00:45:00,230
the uh effects and magnetosphere will be
of secondary interest to many of us

2514
00:45:00,230 --> 00:45:00,240
of secondary interest to many of us
 

2515
00:45:00,240 --> 00:45:02,069
of secondary interest to many of us
well i guess it wouldn't be a terrible

2516
00:45:02,069 --> 00:45:02,079
well i guess it wouldn't be a terrible
 

2517
00:45:02,079 --> 00:45:04,309
well i guess it wouldn't be a terrible
effect because storms it would affect

2518
00:45:04,309 --> 00:45:04,319
effect because storms it would affect
 

2519
00:45:04,319 --> 00:45:07,430
effect because storms it would affect
communication ionosphere but magnet even

2520
00:45:07,430 --> 00:45:07,440
communication ionosphere but magnet even
 

2521
00:45:07,440 --> 00:45:10,309
communication ionosphere but magnet even
great uh very strong magnetic stops from

2522
00:45:10,309 --> 00:45:10,319
great uh very strong magnetic stops from
 

2523
00:45:10,319 --> 00:45:12,069
great uh very strong magnetic stops from
the effect of the solar wind they do not

2524
00:45:12,069 --> 00:45:12,079
the effect of the solar wind they do not
 

2525
00:45:12,079 --> 00:45:13,430
the effect of the solar wind they do not
affect life

2526
00:45:13,430 --> 00:45:13,440
affect life
 

2527
00:45:13,440 --> 00:45:19,109
affect life
just communications and broadcasting

2528
00:45:19,109 --> 00:45:19,119

 

2529
00:45:19,119 --> 00:45:21,670

uh paul hoverstein usa today back on the

2530
00:45:21,670 --> 00:45:21,680
uh paul hoverstein usa today back on the
 

2531
00:45:21,680 --> 00:45:23,750
uh paul hoverstein usa today back on the
sulfur question for a moment

2532
00:45:23,750 --> 00:45:23,760
sulfur question for a moment
 

2533
00:45:23,760 --> 00:45:25,750
sulfur question for a moment
uh dr yell if it turns out that the

2534
00:45:25,750 --> 00:45:25,760
uh dr yell if it turns out that the
 

2535
00:45:25,760 --> 00:45:26,870
uh dr yell if it turns out that the
sulfur

2536
00:45:26,870 --> 00:45:26,880
sulfur
 

2537
00:45:26,880 --> 00:45:28,710
sulfur
is from the comet

2538
00:45:28,710 --> 00:45:28,720
is from the comet
 

2539
00:45:28,720 --> 00:45:30,870
is from the comet
and not the atmosphere what would be the

2540
00:45:30,870 --> 00:45:30,880
and not the atmosphere what would be the
 

2541
00:45:30,880 --> 00:45:36,870
and not the atmosphere what would be the
significance of that

2542
00:45:36,870 --> 00:45:36,880

 

2543
00:45:36,880 --> 00:45:38,710

well it would tell you that there was

2544
00:45:38,710 --> 00:45:38,720
well it would tell you that there was
 

2545
00:45:38,720 --> 00:45:40,790
well it would tell you that there was
sulfur in this comet and

2546
00:45:40,790 --> 00:45:40,800
sulfur in this comet and
 

2547
00:45:40,800 --> 00:45:42,069
sulfur in this comet and
eventually you might be able to figure

2548
00:45:42,069 --> 00:45:42,079
eventually you might be able to figure
 

2549
00:45:42,079 --> 00:45:43,589
eventually you might be able to figure
out something about the abundance of

2550
00:45:43,589 --> 00:45:43,599
out something about the abundance of
 

2551
00:45:43,599 --> 00:45:46,710
out something about the abundance of
sulfur in the comet and the reason we

2552
00:45:46,710 --> 00:45:46,720
sulfur in the comet and the reason we
 

2553
00:45:46,720 --> 00:45:49,910
sulfur in the comet and the reason we
study the abundances of comets is is so

2554
00:45:49,910 --> 00:45:49,920
study the abundances of comets is is so
 

2555
00:45:49,920 --> 00:45:51,349
study the abundances of comets is is so
we can understand comet's one of the

2556
00:45:51,349 --> 00:45:51,359
we can understand comet's one of the
 

2557
00:45:51,359 --> 00:45:52,950
we can understand comet's one of the
building blocks of the solar system are

2558
00:45:52,950 --> 00:45:52,960
building blocks of the solar system are
 

2559
00:45:52,960 --> 00:45:54,630
building blocks of the solar system are
remnant of the building block of the

2560
00:45:54,630 --> 00:45:54,640
remnant of the building block of the
 

2561
00:45:54,640 --> 00:45:56,790
remnant of the building block of the
solar system so you might be able to say

2562
00:45:56,790 --> 00:45:56,800
solar system so you might be able to say
 

2563
00:45:56,800 --> 00:45:58,150
solar system so you might be able to say
eventually something about the

2564
00:45:58,150 --> 00:45:58,160
eventually something about the
 

2565
00:45:58,160 --> 00:46:01,670
eventually something about the
composition of the early solar system

2566
00:46:01,670 --> 00:46:01,680
composition of the early solar system
 

2567
00:46:01,680 --> 00:46:03,430
composition of the early solar system
i should also point out that when you do

2568
00:46:03,430 --> 00:46:03,440
i should also point out that when you do
 

2569
00:46:03,440 --> 00:46:05,510
i should also point out that when you do
observe comets

2570
00:46:05,510 --> 00:46:05,520
observe comets
 

2571
00:46:05,520 --> 00:46:07,750
observe comets
sulfur other molecules and comets you're

2572
00:46:07,750 --> 00:46:07,760
sulfur other molecules and comets you're
 

2573
00:46:07,760 --> 00:46:09,510
sulfur other molecules and comets you're
seeing gas around the

2574
00:46:09,510 --> 00:46:09,520
seeing gas around the
 

2575
00:46:09,520 --> 00:46:11,670
seeing gas around the
around the main body and most of the

2576
00:46:11,670 --> 00:46:11,680
around the main body and most of the
 

2577
00:46:11,680 --> 00:46:14,390
around the main body and most of the
masses in the main body and it's always

2578
00:46:14,390 --> 00:46:14,400
masses in the main body and it's always
 

2579
00:46:14,400 --> 00:46:16,550
masses in the main body and it's always
difficult to try to infer something

2580
00:46:16,550 --> 00:46:16,560
difficult to try to infer something
 

2581
00:46:16,560 --> 00:46:18,309
difficult to try to infer something
about the bulk composition from what you

2582
00:46:18,309 --> 00:46:18,319
about the bulk composition from what you
 

2583
00:46:18,319 --> 00:46:19,510
about the bulk composition from what you
see in the

2584
00:46:19,510 --> 00:46:19,520
see in the
 

2585
00:46:19,520 --> 00:46:21,190
see in the
in the coma because there's chemistry

2586
00:46:21,190 --> 00:46:21,200
in the coma because there's chemistry
 

2587
00:46:21,200 --> 00:46:22,950
in the coma because there's chemistry
that goes on and alters things and stuff

2588
00:46:22,950 --> 00:46:22,960
that goes on and alters things and stuff
 

2589
00:46:22,960 --> 00:46:24,790
that goes on and alters things and stuff
like that so what we just did is we just

2590
00:46:24,790 --> 00:46:24,800
like that so what we just did is we just
 

2591
00:46:24,800 --> 00:46:26,710
like that so what we just did is we just
pulverized the comet to find out what

2592
00:46:26,710 --> 00:46:26,720
pulverized the comet to find out what
 

2593
00:46:26,720 --> 00:46:28,630
pulverized the comet to find out what
was inside it perhaps

2594
00:46:28,630 --> 00:46:28,640
was inside it perhaps
 

2595
00:46:28,640 --> 00:46:30,950
was inside it perhaps
and um it's a different way to look at

2596
00:46:30,950 --> 00:46:30,960
and um it's a different way to look at
 

2597
00:46:30,960 --> 00:46:33,750
and um it's a different way to look at
things

2598
00:46:33,750 --> 00:46:33,760

 

2599
00:46:33,760 --> 00:46:35,750

miles all right miles o'brien with cnn

2600
00:46:35,750 --> 00:46:35,760
miles all right miles o'brien with cnn
 

2601
00:46:35,760 --> 00:46:37,589
miles all right miles o'brien with cnn
i'd appreciate from anybody here sort of

2602
00:46:37,589 --> 00:46:37,599
i'd appreciate from anybody here sort of
 

2603
00:46:37,599 --> 00:46:39,030
i'd appreciate from anybody here sort of
a little more of a layman's term

2604
00:46:39,030 --> 00:46:39,040
a little more of a layman's term
 

2605
00:46:39,040 --> 00:46:40,630
a little more of a layman's term
explanation of what's going on in the

2606
00:46:40,630 --> 00:46:40,640
explanation of what's going on in the
 

2607
00:46:40,640 --> 00:46:42,950
explanation of what's going on in the
magnetosphere of jupiter here uh i'm not

2608
00:46:42,950 --> 00:46:42,960
magnetosphere of jupiter here uh i'm not
 

2609
00:46:42,960 --> 00:46:44,630
magnetosphere of jupiter here uh i'm not
sure that i'm real clear on what's going

2610
00:46:44,630 --> 00:46:44,640
sure that i'm real clear on what's going
 

2611
00:46:44,640 --> 00:46:46,150
sure that i'm real clear on what's going
on

2612
00:46:46,150 --> 00:46:46,160
on
 

2613
00:46:46,160 --> 00:46:48,150
on
i think what we were what dr pranje was

2614
00:46:48,150 --> 00:46:48,160
i think what we were what dr pranje was
 

2615
00:46:48,160 --> 00:46:50,150
i think what we were what dr pranje was
talking about was that

2616
00:46:50,150 --> 00:46:50,160
talking about was that
 

2617
00:46:50,160 --> 00:46:51,750
talking about was that
these of course

2618
00:46:51,750 --> 00:46:51,760
these of course
 

2619
00:46:51,760 --> 00:46:53,349
these of course
observations we've only just seen the

2620
00:46:53,349 --> 00:46:53,359
observations we've only just seen the
 

2621
00:46:53,359 --> 00:46:56,950
observations we've only just seen the
last day or two but uh the uh

2622
00:46:56,950 --> 00:46:56,960
last day or two but uh the uh
 

2623
00:46:56,960 --> 00:46:59,589
last day or two but uh the uh
preliminary impression is that we have

2624
00:46:59,589 --> 00:46:59,599
preliminary impression is that we have
 

2625
00:46:59,599 --> 00:47:00,390
preliminary impression is that we have
this

2626
00:47:00,390 --> 00:47:00,400
this
 

2627
00:47:00,400 --> 00:47:02,630
this
big impact the big splash and the

2628
00:47:02,630 --> 00:47:02,640
big impact the big splash and the
 

2629
00:47:02,640 --> 00:47:05,670
big impact the big splash and the
fireball on the southern part of

2630
00:47:05,670 --> 00:47:05,680
fireball on the southern part of
 

2631
00:47:05,680 --> 00:47:07,670
fireball on the southern part of
uh jupiter and that to send up some

2632
00:47:07,670 --> 00:47:07,680
uh jupiter and that to send up some
 

2633
00:47:07,680 --> 00:47:10,230
uh jupiter and that to send up some
plasma like the fireball you saw some of

2634
00:47:10,230 --> 00:47:10,240
plasma like the fireball you saw some of
 

2635
00:47:10,240 --> 00:47:13,430
plasma like the fireball you saw some of
this material gets electrified loses the

2636
00:47:13,430 --> 00:47:13,440
this material gets electrified loses the
 

2637
00:47:13,440 --> 00:47:16,230
this material gets electrified loses the
atoms or molecules lose electrons and

2638
00:47:16,230 --> 00:47:16,240
atoms or molecules lose electrons and
 

2639
00:47:16,240 --> 00:47:18,550
atoms or molecules lose electrons and
then these uh they become charged right

2640
00:47:18,550 --> 00:47:18,560
then these uh they become charged right
 

2641
00:47:18,560 --> 00:47:20,230
then these uh they become charged right
you have charged particles now and i

2642
00:47:20,230 --> 00:47:20,240
you have charged particles now and i
 

2643
00:47:20,240 --> 00:47:21,990
you have charged particles now and i
think the electrons in particular

2644
00:47:21,990 --> 00:47:22,000
think the electrons in particular
 

2645
00:47:22,000 --> 00:47:23,910
think the electrons in particular
probably you're talking about they get

2646
00:47:23,910 --> 00:47:23,920
probably you're talking about they get
 

2647
00:47:23,920 --> 00:47:25,990
probably you're talking about they get
accelerated by some forces that have to

2648
00:47:25,990 --> 00:47:26,000
accelerated by some forces that have to
 

2649
00:47:26,000 --> 00:47:29,190
accelerated by some forces that have to
be worked out that uh but we know things

2650
00:47:29,190 --> 00:47:29,200
be worked out that uh but we know things
 

2651
00:47:29,200 --> 00:47:30,710
be worked out that uh but we know things
like this happen on the earth in other

2652
00:47:30,710 --> 00:47:30,720
like this happen on the earth in other
 

2653
00:47:30,720 --> 00:47:32,630
like this happen on the earth in other
situations

2654
00:47:32,630 --> 00:47:32,640
situations
 

2655
00:47:32,640 --> 00:47:34,790
situations
they get accelerated they travel

2656
00:47:34,790 --> 00:47:34,800
they get accelerated they travel
 

2657
00:47:34,800 --> 00:47:36,829
they get accelerated they travel
uh to the other side of the globe of

2658
00:47:36,829 --> 00:47:36,839
uh to the other side of the globe of
 

2659
00:47:36,839 --> 00:47:39,349
uh to the other side of the globe of
jupiter and cause an aurora there in a

2660
00:47:39,349 --> 00:47:39,359
jupiter and cause an aurora there in a
 

2661
00:47:39,359 --> 00:47:41,270
jupiter and cause an aurora there in a
place we've never seen before because

2662
00:47:41,270 --> 00:47:41,280
place we've never seen before because
 

2663
00:47:41,280 --> 00:47:43,750
place we've never seen before because
it's further south whatever makes the

2664
00:47:43,750 --> 00:47:43,760
it's further south whatever makes the
 

2665
00:47:43,760 --> 00:47:45,990
it's further south whatever makes the
aurora and jupiter ordinarily

2666
00:47:45,990 --> 00:47:46,000
aurora and jupiter ordinarily
 

2667
00:47:46,000 --> 00:47:48,630
aurora and jupiter ordinarily
doesn't bring it down that far uh south

2668
00:47:48,630 --> 00:47:48,640
doesn't bring it down that far uh south
 

2669
00:47:48,640 --> 00:47:51,349
doesn't bring it down that far uh south
it's like uh normally we see nice aurora

2670
00:47:51,349 --> 00:47:51,359
it's like uh normally we see nice aurora
 

2671
00:47:51,359 --> 00:47:54,630
it's like uh normally we see nice aurora
in canada and new england and so on and

2672
00:47:54,630 --> 00:47:54,640
in canada and new england and so on and
 

2673
00:47:54,640 --> 00:47:56,390
in canada and new england and so on and
it's a rare time when you see a mexico

2674
00:47:56,390 --> 00:47:56,400
it's a rare time when you see a mexico
 

2675
00:47:56,400 --> 00:47:58,549
it's a rare time when you see a mexico
city that does does happen after a big

2676
00:47:58,549 --> 00:47:58,559
city that does does happen after a big
 

2677
00:47:58,559 --> 00:47:59,510
city that does does happen after a big
flare

2678
00:47:59,510 --> 00:47:59,520
flare
 

2679
00:47:59,520 --> 00:48:00,710
flare
the

2680
00:48:00,710 --> 00:48:00,720
the
 

2681
00:48:00,720 --> 00:48:02,390
the
the charged particles are constrained to

2682
00:48:02,390 --> 00:48:02,400
the charged particles are constrained to
 

2683
00:48:02,400 --> 00:48:04,870
the charged particles are constrained to
move along these field lines magnetic

2684
00:48:04,870 --> 00:48:04,880
move along these field lines magnetic
 

2685
00:48:04,880 --> 00:48:06,470
move along these field lines magnetic
lines of magnetic field that you can see

2686
00:48:06,470 --> 00:48:06,480
lines of magnetic field that you can see
 

2687
00:48:06,480 --> 00:48:08,230
lines of magnetic field that you can see
in the image so they want to escape the

2688
00:48:08,230 --> 00:48:08,240
in the image so they want to escape the
 

2689
00:48:08,240 --> 00:48:09,910
in the image so they want to escape the
atmosphere but they they can't they have

2690
00:48:09,910 --> 00:48:09,920
atmosphere but they they can't they have
 

2691
00:48:09,920 --> 00:48:11,270
atmosphere but they they can't they have
to move along these field lines and end

2692
00:48:11,270 --> 00:48:11,280
to move along these field lines and end
 

2693
00:48:11,280 --> 00:48:13,109
to move along these field lines and end
up getting turned around and you know

2694
00:48:13,109 --> 00:48:13,119
up getting turned around and you know
 

2695
00:48:13,119 --> 00:48:14,230
up getting turned around and you know
come back on the other side of the

2696
00:48:14,230 --> 00:48:14,240
come back on the other side of the
 

2697
00:48:14,240 --> 00:48:15,270
come back on the other side of the
planet

2698
00:48:15,270 --> 00:48:15,280
planet
 

2699
00:48:15,280 --> 00:48:16,710
planet
so if you were on jupiter right now

2700
00:48:16,710 --> 00:48:16,720
so if you were on jupiter right now
 

2701
00:48:16,720 --> 00:48:18,549
so if you were on jupiter right now
you'd see northern lights like you've

2702
00:48:18,549 --> 00:48:18,559
you'd see northern lights like you've
 

2703
00:48:18,559 --> 00:48:20,069
you'd see northern lights like you've
never seen them before you'd be glad you

2704
00:48:20,069 --> 00:48:20,079
never seen them before you'd be glad you
 

2705
00:48:20,079 --> 00:48:21,589
never seen them before you'd be glad you
were seeing northern lights you weren't

2706
00:48:21,589 --> 00:48:21,599
were seeing northern lights you weren't
 

2707
00:48:21,599 --> 00:48:22,950
were seeing northern lights you weren't
down south

2708
00:48:22,950 --> 00:48:22,960
down south
 

2709
00:48:22,960 --> 00:48:24,470
down south
actually one of the things is there any

2710
00:48:24,470 --> 00:48:24,480
actually one of the things is there any
 

2711
00:48:24,480 --> 00:48:26,470
actually one of the things is there any
evidence that you've seen over the last

2712
00:48:26,470 --> 00:48:26,480
evidence that you've seen over the last
 

2713
00:48:26,480 --> 00:48:28,870
evidence that you've seen over the last
24 hours which has is settling one way

2714
00:48:28,870 --> 00:48:28,880
24 hours which has is settling one way
 

2715
00:48:28,880 --> 00:48:30,630
24 hours which has is settling one way
or another whether this is a comet or an

2716
00:48:30,630 --> 00:48:30,640
or another whether this is a comet or an
 

2717
00:48:30,640 --> 00:48:32,150
or another whether this is a comet or an
asteroid once

2718
00:48:32,150 --> 00:48:32,160
asteroid once
 

2719
00:48:32,160 --> 00:48:34,230
asteroid once
oh no that that's a very important

2720
00:48:34,230 --> 00:48:34,240
oh no that that's a very important
 

2721
00:48:34,240 --> 00:48:35,270
oh no that that's a very important
question

2722
00:48:35,270 --> 00:48:35,280
question
 

2723
00:48:35,280 --> 00:48:37,430
question
um but it's going to be very difficult

2724
00:48:37,430 --> 00:48:37,440
um but it's going to be very difficult
 

2725
00:48:37,440 --> 00:48:40,309
um but it's going to be very difficult
to get an answer to that um so

2726
00:48:40,309 --> 00:48:40,319
to get an answer to that um so
 

2727
00:48:40,319 --> 00:48:42,150
to get an answer to that um so
i'm i'm afraid i just have to say flat

2728
00:48:42,150 --> 00:48:42,160
i'm i'm afraid i just have to say flat
 

2729
00:48:42,160 --> 00:48:44,150
i'm i'm afraid i just have to say flat
out there's no evidence that will help

2730
00:48:44,150 --> 00:48:44,160
out there's no evidence that will help
 

2731
00:48:44,160 --> 00:48:46,829
out there's no evidence that will help
us determine whether it's a comet or an

2732
00:48:46,829 --> 00:48:46,839
us determine whether it's a comet or an
 

2733
00:48:46,839 --> 00:48:49,030
us determine whether it's a comet or an
asteroid well there may be evidence we

2734
00:48:49,030 --> 00:48:49,040
asteroid well there may be evidence we
 

2735
00:48:49,040 --> 00:48:50,230
asteroid well there may be evidence we
just haven't had enough time to think

2736
00:48:50,230 --> 00:48:50,240
just haven't had enough time to think
 

2737
00:48:50,240 --> 00:48:51,910
just haven't had enough time to think
about it exactly

2738
00:48:51,910 --> 00:48:51,920
about it exactly
 

2739
00:48:51,920 --> 00:48:53,589
about it exactly
i would like to go to some of the

2740
00:48:53,589 --> 00:48:53,599
i would like to go to some of the
 

2741
00:48:53,599 --> 00:48:55,270
i would like to go to some of the
centers for questions now as we're going

2742
00:48:55,270 --> 00:48:55,280
centers for questions now as we're going
 

2743
00:48:55,280 --> 00:48:59,589
centers for questions now as we're going
to run out of time on the satellite

2744
00:48:59,589 --> 00:48:59,599

 

2745
00:48:59,599 --> 00:49:04,630

which first one up please

2746
00:49:04,630 --> 00:49:04,640

 

2747
00:49:04,640 --> 00:49:06,470

okay well we're holding on that is there

2748
00:49:06,470 --> 00:49:06,480
okay well we're holding on that is there
 

2749
00:49:06,480 --> 00:49:08,710
okay well we're holding on that is there
one more here first

2750
00:49:08,710 --> 00:49:08,720
one more here first
 

2751
00:49:08,720 --> 00:49:11,510
one more here first
right here in front

2752
00:49:11,510 --> 00:49:11,520

 

2753
00:49:11,520 --> 00:49:13,270

matt crenson the dallas morning news for

2754
00:49:13,270 --> 00:49:13,280
matt crenson the dallas morning news for
 

2755
00:49:13,280 --> 00:49:15,190
matt crenson the dallas morning news for
dr yale uh i don't want all the gory

2756
00:49:15,190 --> 00:49:15,200
dr yale uh i don't want all the gory
 

2757
00:49:15,200 --> 00:49:16,390
dr yale uh i don't want all the gory
details but

2758
00:49:16,390 --> 00:49:16,400
details but
 

2759
00:49:16,400 --> 00:49:17,510
details but
in general

2760
00:49:17,510 --> 00:49:17,520
in general
 

2761
00:49:17,520 --> 00:49:19,510
in general
how can you tell whether the sulfur came

2762
00:49:19,510 --> 00:49:19,520
how can you tell whether the sulfur came
 

2763
00:49:19,520 --> 00:49:22,230
how can you tell whether the sulfur came
from jupiter or from the comet uh and

2764
00:49:22,230 --> 00:49:22,240
from jupiter or from the comet uh and
 

2765
00:49:22,240 --> 00:49:23,510
from jupiter or from the comet uh and
what are the chances that you'll be able

2766
00:49:23,510 --> 00:49:23,520
what are the chances that you'll be able
 

2767
00:49:23,520 --> 00:49:26,630
what are the chances that you'll be able
to do that

2768
00:49:26,630 --> 00:49:26,640

 

2769
00:49:26,640 --> 00:49:28,230

i don't know how the how good the

2770
00:49:28,230 --> 00:49:28,240
i don't know how the how good the
 

2771
00:49:28,240 --> 00:49:29,910
i don't know how the how good the
chances are but to finally get the

2772
00:49:29,910 --> 00:49:29,920
chances are but to finally get the
 

2773
00:49:29,920 --> 00:49:31,349
chances are but to finally get the
answer we're going to have to correlate

2774
00:49:31,349 --> 00:49:31,359
answer we're going to have to correlate
 

2775
00:49:31,359 --> 00:49:33,109
answer we're going to have to correlate
lots of different pieces of information

2776
00:49:33,109 --> 00:49:33,119
lots of different pieces of information
 

2777
00:49:33,119 --> 00:49:34,950
lots of different pieces of information
left

2778
00:49:34,950 --> 00:49:34,960
left
 

2779
00:49:34,960 --> 00:49:37,109
left
you know what we've seen so far as far

2780
00:49:37,109 --> 00:49:37,119
you know what we've seen so far as far
 

2781
00:49:37,119 --> 00:49:38,790
you know what we've seen so far as far
as chemistry goes through the molecules

2782
00:49:38,790 --> 00:49:38,800
as chemistry goes through the molecules
 

2783
00:49:38,800 --> 00:49:40,790
as chemistry goes through the molecules
that are easiest to detect with more

2784
00:49:40,790 --> 00:49:40,800
that are easiest to detect with more
 

2785
00:49:40,800 --> 00:49:43,349
that are easiest to detect with more
work and with all the other observations

2786
00:49:43,349 --> 00:49:43,359
work and with all the other observations
 

2787
00:49:43,359 --> 00:49:45,109
work and with all the other observations
being made we'll undoubtedly hear about

2788
00:49:45,109 --> 00:49:45,119
being made we'll undoubtedly hear about
 

2789
00:49:45,119 --> 00:49:46,870
being made we'll undoubtedly hear about
a lot more molecules you look at the

2790
00:49:46,870 --> 00:49:46,880
a lot more molecules you look at the
 

2791
00:49:46,880 --> 00:49:48,950
a lot more molecules you look at the
whole suite of molecules that will help

2792
00:49:48,950 --> 00:49:48,960
whole suite of molecules that will help
 

2793
00:49:48,960 --> 00:49:50,630
whole suite of molecules that will help
you try to infer something about the

2794
00:49:50,630 --> 00:49:50,640
you try to infer something about the
 

2795
00:49:50,640 --> 00:49:52,150
you try to infer something about the
temperatures in the fireball and that

2796
00:49:52,150 --> 00:49:52,160
temperatures in the fireball and that
 

2797
00:49:52,160 --> 00:49:53,510
temperatures in the fireball and that
will tell you about the chemistry in the

2798
00:49:53,510 --> 00:49:53,520
will tell you about the chemistry in the
 

2799
00:49:53,520 --> 00:49:55,750
will tell you about the chemistry in the
atmosphere that'll help you understand

2800
00:49:55,750 --> 00:49:55,760
atmosphere that'll help you understand
 

2801
00:49:55,760 --> 00:49:57,589
atmosphere that'll help you understand
what's going on by trying to correlate

2802
00:49:57,589 --> 00:49:57,599
what's going on by trying to correlate
 

2803
00:49:57,599 --> 00:49:59,270
what's going on by trying to correlate
all this i have hopes that we'll be able

2804
00:49:59,270 --> 00:49:59,280
all this i have hopes that we'll be able
 

2805
00:49:59,280 --> 00:50:02,710
all this i have hopes that we'll be able
to say something about how much of the

2806
00:50:02,710 --> 00:50:02,720
to say something about how much of the
 

2807
00:50:02,720 --> 00:50:04,230
to say something about how much of the
what we see is due to the comet and how

2808
00:50:04,230 --> 00:50:04,240
what we see is due to the comet and how
 

2809
00:50:04,240 --> 00:50:06,309
what we see is due to the comet and how
much of what we see is from jupiter

2810
00:50:06,309 --> 00:50:06,319
much of what we see is from jupiter
 

2811
00:50:06,319 --> 00:50:08,309
much of what we see is from jupiter
itself

2812
00:50:08,309 --> 00:50:08,319
itself
 

2813
00:50:08,319 --> 00:50:10,150
itself
so i'm optimistic but it's hard to put a

2814
00:50:10,150 --> 00:50:10,160
so i'm optimistic but it's hard to put a
 

2815
00:50:10,160 --> 00:50:11,750
so i'm optimistic but it's hard to put a
number on the chances we'll be coming

2816
00:50:11,750 --> 00:50:11,760
number on the chances we'll be coming
 

2817
00:50:11,760 --> 00:50:13,349
number on the chances we'll be coming
back to questions here

2818
00:50:13,349 --> 00:50:13,359
back to questions here
 

2819
00:50:13,359 --> 00:50:14,950
back to questions here
pardon excuse me we'll be coming back to

2820
00:50:14,950 --> 00:50:14,960
pardon excuse me we'll be coming back to
 

2821
00:50:14,960 --> 00:50:16,549
pardon excuse me we'll be coming back to
questions here in a moment but let's

2822
00:50:16,549 --> 00:50:16,559
questions here in a moment but let's
 

2823
00:50:16,559 --> 00:50:18,950
questions here in a moment but let's
have one from jpl uh please state your

2824
00:50:18,950 --> 00:50:18,960
have one from jpl uh please state your
 

2825
00:50:18,960 --> 00:50:20,870
have one from jpl uh please state your
name and affiliation

2826
00:50:20,870 --> 00:50:20,880
name and affiliation
 

2827
00:50:20,880 --> 00:50:22,470
name and affiliation
this is robert lee house from the los

2828
00:50:22,470 --> 00:50:22,480
this is robert lee house from the los
 

2829
00:50:22,480 --> 00:50:25,589
this is robert lee house from the los
angeles times two related questions one

2830
00:50:25,589 --> 00:50:25,599
angeles times two related questions one
 

2831
00:50:25,599 --> 00:50:27,349
angeles times two related questions one
i guess i'm surprised to be hearing at

2832
00:50:27,349 --> 00:50:27,359
i guess i'm surprised to be hearing at
 

2833
00:50:27,359 --> 00:50:29,510
i guess i'm surprised to be hearing at
this stage of the game that we're not

2834
00:50:29,510 --> 00:50:29,520
this stage of the game that we're not
 

2835
00:50:29,520 --> 00:50:32,309
this stage of the game that we're not
sure this is a comment uh can you tell

2836
00:50:32,309 --> 00:50:32,319
sure this is a comment uh can you tell
 

2837
00:50:32,319 --> 00:50:34,069
sure this is a comment uh can you tell
us why there's a

2838
00:50:34,069 --> 00:50:34,079
us why there's a
 

2839
00:50:34,079 --> 00:50:34,950
us why there's a
any

2840
00:50:34,950 --> 00:50:34,960
any
 

2841
00:50:34,960 --> 00:50:36,549
any
question at this stage why this might be

2842
00:50:36,549 --> 00:50:36,559
question at this stage why this might be
 

2843
00:50:36,559 --> 00:50:38,630
question at this stage why this might be
a comment or an asteroid and then

2844
00:50:38,630 --> 00:50:38,640
a comment or an asteroid and then
 

2845
00:50:38,640 --> 00:50:41,430
a comment or an asteroid and then
secondly is it uh disconcerting to you

2846
00:50:41,430 --> 00:50:41,440
secondly is it uh disconcerting to you
 

2847
00:50:41,440 --> 00:50:43,990
secondly is it uh disconcerting to you
folks that you're not seeing uh evidence

2848
00:50:43,990 --> 00:50:44,000
folks that you're not seeing uh evidence
 

2849
00:50:44,000 --> 00:50:46,230
folks that you're not seeing uh evidence
of water yet

2850
00:50:46,230 --> 00:50:46,240
of water yet
 

2851
00:50:46,240 --> 00:50:49,030
of water yet
okay i'll i'll field that one if if gene

2852
00:50:49,030 --> 00:50:49,040
okay i'll i'll field that one if if gene
 

2853
00:50:49,040 --> 00:50:50,790
okay i'll i'll field that one if if gene
where gene shoemaker were here he would

2854
00:50:50,790 --> 00:50:50,800
where gene shoemaker were here he would
 

2855
00:50:50,800 --> 00:50:53,190
where gene shoemaker were here he would
say oh it's definitely a comet and the

2856
00:50:53,190 --> 00:50:53,200
say oh it's definitely a comet and the
 

2857
00:50:53,200 --> 00:50:56,069
say oh it's definitely a comet and the
probability of it being a comet and gene

2858
00:50:56,069 --> 00:50:56,079
probability of it being a comet and gene
 

2859
00:50:56,079 --> 00:50:57,990
probability of it being a comet and gene
can argue persuasively that it's

2860
00:50:57,990 --> 00:50:58,000
can argue persuasively that it's
 

2861
00:50:58,000 --> 00:50:59,750
can argue persuasively that it's
probably a comet

2862
00:50:59,750 --> 00:50:59,760
probably a comet
 

2863
00:50:59,760 --> 00:51:05,190
probably a comet
dynamically it is possible um to to

2864
00:51:05,190 --> 00:51:05,200
dynamically it is possible um to to
 

2865
00:51:05,200 --> 00:51:07,910
dynamically it is possible um to to
give a gravitational push to an object

2866
00:51:07,910 --> 00:51:07,920
give a gravitational push to an object
 

2867
00:51:07,920 --> 00:51:09,829
give a gravitational push to an object
anywhere in the solar system and so

2868
00:51:09,829 --> 00:51:09,839
anywhere in the solar system and so
 

2869
00:51:09,839 --> 00:51:12,710
anywhere in the solar system and so
dynamically it's also possible to to

2870
00:51:12,710 --> 00:51:12,720
dynamically it's also possible to to
 

2871
00:51:12,720 --> 00:51:14,950
dynamically it's also possible to to
exert a gravitational force on an object

2872
00:51:14,950 --> 00:51:14,960
exert a gravitational force on an object
 

2873
00:51:14,960 --> 00:51:17,030
exert a gravitational force on an object
in the outer region of the asteroid belt

2874
00:51:17,030 --> 00:51:17,040
in the outer region of the asteroid belt
 

2875
00:51:17,040 --> 00:51:18,790
in the outer region of the asteroid belt
and perturb it so that it goes into

2876
00:51:18,790 --> 00:51:18,800
and perturb it so that it goes into
 

2877
00:51:18,800 --> 00:51:20,870
and perturb it so that it goes into
orbit around jupiter as this co as this

2878
00:51:20,870 --> 00:51:20,880
orbit around jupiter as this co as this
 

2879
00:51:20,880 --> 00:51:22,870
orbit around jupiter as this co as this
object did and we call it a comment

2880
00:51:22,870 --> 00:51:22,880
object did and we call it a comment
 

2881
00:51:22,880 --> 00:51:25,190
object did and we call it a comment
because it was discovered as a diffuse

2882
00:51:25,190 --> 00:51:25,200
because it was discovered as a diffuse
 

2883
00:51:25,200 --> 00:51:28,230
because it was discovered as a diffuse
object um which is the the

2884
00:51:28,230 --> 00:51:28,240
object um which is the the
 

2885
00:51:28,240 --> 00:51:30,549
object um which is the the
uh discriminating characteristic of a

2886
00:51:30,549 --> 00:51:30,559
uh discriminating characteristic of a
 

2887
00:51:30,559 --> 00:51:32,790
uh discriminating characteristic of a
comet observationally now it's a very

2888
00:51:32,790 --> 00:51:32,800
comet observationally now it's a very
 

2889
00:51:32,800 --> 00:51:34,549
comet observationally now it's a very
important question to determine whether

2890
00:51:34,549 --> 00:51:34,559
important question to determine whether
 

2891
00:51:34,559 --> 00:51:37,190
important question to determine whether
this was a comet or an asteroid because

2892
00:51:37,190 --> 00:51:37,200
this was a comet or an asteroid because
 

2893
00:51:37,200 --> 00:51:39,030
this was a comet or an asteroid because
the comets are

2894
00:51:39,030 --> 00:51:39,040
the comets are
 

2895
00:51:39,040 --> 00:51:41,190
the comets are
remnants of the

2896
00:51:41,190 --> 00:51:41,200
remnants of the
 

2897
00:51:41,200 --> 00:51:43,270
remnants of the
original solar system they've been kept

2898
00:51:43,270 --> 00:51:43,280
original solar system they've been kept
 

2899
00:51:43,280 --> 00:51:44,950
original solar system they've been kept
in cold storage for four and a half

2900
00:51:44,950 --> 00:51:44,960
in cold storage for four and a half
 

2901
00:51:44,960 --> 00:51:47,109
in cold storage for four and a half
billion years and we can get a better

2902
00:51:47,109 --> 00:51:47,119
billion years and we can get a better
 

2903
00:51:47,119 --> 00:51:48,870
billion years and we can get a better
handle on the starting material of the

2904
00:51:48,870 --> 00:51:48,880
handle on the starting material of the
 

2905
00:51:48,880 --> 00:51:51,109
handle on the starting material of the
solar system if we're studying a comet

2906
00:51:51,109 --> 00:51:51,119
solar system if we're studying a comet
 

2907
00:51:51,119 --> 00:51:52,710
solar system if we're studying a comet
if we're studying an asteroid the

2908
00:51:52,710 --> 00:51:52,720
if we're studying an asteroid the
 

2909
00:51:52,720 --> 00:51:54,309
if we're studying an asteroid the
asteroids have been in the inner solar

2910
00:51:54,309 --> 00:51:54,319
asteroids have been in the inner solar
 

2911
00:51:54,319 --> 00:51:55,910
asteroids have been in the inner solar
system they've been subjected to higher

2912
00:51:55,910 --> 00:51:55,920
system they've been subjected to higher
 

2913
00:51:55,920 --> 00:51:58,069
system they've been subjected to higher
temperatures they've been subjected to

2914
00:51:58,069 --> 00:51:58,079
temperatures they've been subjected to
 

2915
00:51:58,079 --> 00:52:00,230
temperatures they've been subjected to
greater uh frequency of collisions and

2916
00:52:00,230 --> 00:52:00,240
greater uh frequency of collisions and
 

2917
00:52:00,240 --> 00:52:02,150
greater uh frequency of collisions and
so the material is altered and we just

2918
00:52:02,150 --> 00:52:02,160
so the material is altered and we just
 

2919
00:52:02,160 --> 00:52:03,670
so the material is altered and we just
need to know what we're looking at and

2920
00:52:03,670 --> 00:52:03,680
need to know what we're looking at and
 

2921
00:52:03,680 --> 00:52:04,870
need to know what we're looking at and
presumably

2922
00:52:04,870 --> 00:52:04,880
presumably
 

2923
00:52:04,880 --> 00:52:06,950
presumably
the reason you might even though it's

2924
00:52:06,950 --> 00:52:06,960
the reason you might even though it's
 

2925
00:52:06,960 --> 00:52:08,630
the reason you might even though it's
diffuse you might think it could be an

2926
00:52:08,630 --> 00:52:08,640
diffuse you might think it could be an
 

2927
00:52:08,640 --> 00:52:10,549
diffuse you might think it could be an
asteroid is we know it's something that

2928
00:52:10,549 --> 00:52:10,559
asteroid is we know it's something that
 

2929
00:52:10,559 --> 00:52:13,430
asteroid is we know it's something that
was fragmented by the title

2930
00:52:13,430 --> 00:52:13,440
was fragmented by the title
 

2931
00:52:13,440 --> 00:52:14,870
was fragmented by the title
it could be dust

2932
00:52:14,870 --> 00:52:14,880
it could be dust
 

2933
00:52:14,880 --> 00:52:17,109
it could be dust
from this fragmentation and not an

2934
00:52:17,109 --> 00:52:17,119
from this fragmentation and not an
 

2935
00:52:17,119 --> 00:52:19,910
from this fragmentation and not an
atmosphere like a comet has of

2936
00:52:19,910 --> 00:52:19,920
atmosphere like a comet has of
 

2937
00:52:19,920 --> 00:52:21,910
atmosphere like a comet has of
evaporator or sublime gases and the

2938
00:52:21,910 --> 00:52:21,920
evaporator or sublime gases and the
 

2939
00:52:21,920 --> 00:52:23,430
evaporator or sublime gases and the
other question was about water are we

2940
00:52:23,430 --> 00:52:23,440
other question was about water are we
 

2941
00:52:23,440 --> 00:52:25,270
other question was about water are we
surprised that we haven't seen water

2942
00:52:25,270 --> 00:52:25,280
surprised that we haven't seen water
 

2943
00:52:25,280 --> 00:52:28,710
surprised that we haven't seen water
well yes or no yes and no um

2944
00:52:28,710 --> 00:52:28,720
well yes or no yes and no um
 

2945
00:52:28,720 --> 00:52:32,150
well yes or no yes and no um
uh i appreciate the difficulty in

2946
00:52:32,150 --> 00:52:32,160
uh i appreciate the difficulty in
 

2947
00:52:32,160 --> 00:52:33,990
uh i appreciate the difficulty in
analyzing the data from the kuiper

2948
00:52:33,990 --> 00:52:34,000
analyzing the data from the kuiper
 

2949
00:52:34,000 --> 00:52:37,109
analyzing the data from the kuiper
airborne observatory um

2950
00:52:37,109 --> 00:52:37,119
airborne observatory um
 

2951
00:52:37,119 --> 00:52:39,910
airborne observatory um
and and i continue to think of scenarios

2952
00:52:39,910 --> 00:52:39,920
and and i continue to think of scenarios
 

2953
00:52:39,920 --> 00:52:41,750
and and i continue to think of scenarios
which would exist where water is there

2954
00:52:41,750 --> 00:52:41,760
which would exist where water is there
 

2955
00:52:41,760 --> 00:52:43,750
which would exist where water is there
but we don't see it and it may not be

2956
00:52:43,750 --> 00:52:43,760
but we don't see it and it may not be
 

2957
00:52:43,760 --> 00:52:45,750
but we don't see it and it may not be
stable in jupiter's atmosphere for long

2958
00:52:45,750 --> 00:52:45,760
stable in jupiter's atmosphere for long
 

2959
00:52:45,760 --> 00:52:47,670
stable in jupiter's atmosphere for long
enough to get a

2960
00:52:47,670 --> 00:52:47,680
enough to get a
 

2961
00:52:47,680 --> 00:52:49,109
enough to get a
detectable signal with the

2962
00:52:49,109 --> 00:52:49,119
detectable signal with the
 

2963
00:52:49,119 --> 00:52:50,950
detectable signal with the
instrumentation or it could be some

2964
00:52:50,950 --> 00:52:50,960
instrumentation or it could be some
 

2965
00:52:50,960 --> 00:52:52,790
instrumentation or it could be some
chemical thing

2966
00:52:52,790 --> 00:52:52,800
chemical thing
 

2967
00:52:52,800 --> 00:52:53,589
chemical thing
so

2968
00:52:53,589 --> 00:52:53,599
so
 

2969
00:52:53,599 --> 00:52:55,430
so
we have a lot to think about and we also

2970
00:52:55,430 --> 00:52:55,440
we have a lot to think about and we also
 

2971
00:52:55,440 --> 00:52:56,870
we have a lot to think about and we also
have to wait patiently and get some

2972
00:52:56,870 --> 00:52:56,880
have to wait patiently and get some
 

2973
00:52:56,880 --> 00:52:59,750
have to wait patiently and get some
results back let the the scientists

2974
00:52:59,750 --> 00:52:59,760
results back let the the scientists
 

2975
00:52:59,760 --> 00:53:01,430
results back let the the scientists
analyze their data instead of showing us

2976
00:53:01,430 --> 00:53:01,440
analyze their data instead of showing us
 

2977
00:53:01,440 --> 00:53:03,750
analyze their data instead of showing us
their raw images that have spectacular

2978
00:53:03,750 --> 00:53:03,760
their raw images that have spectacular
 

2979
00:53:03,760 --> 00:53:06,870
their raw images that have spectacular
uh signatures on them

2980
00:53:06,870 --> 00:53:06,880
uh signatures on them
 

2981
00:53:06,880 --> 00:53:09,190
uh signatures on them
just a quick follow can you tell us what

2982
00:53:09,190 --> 00:53:09,200
just a quick follow can you tell us what
 

2983
00:53:09,200 --> 00:53:11,670
just a quick follow can you tell us what
fragment we were looking at in the irtf

2984
00:53:11,670 --> 00:53:11,680
fragment we were looking at in the irtf
 

2985
00:53:11,680 --> 00:53:14,470
fragment we were looking at in the irtf
images

2986
00:53:14,470 --> 00:53:14,480
images
 

2987
00:53:14,480 --> 00:53:17,990
images
um

2988
00:53:17,990 --> 00:53:18,000

 

2989
00:53:18,000 --> 00:53:23,270

maybe

2990
00:53:23,270 --> 00:53:23,280

 

2991
00:53:23,280 --> 00:53:25,349

you always catch me on these questions

2992
00:53:25,349 --> 00:53:25,359
you always catch me on these questions
 

2993
00:53:25,359 --> 00:53:28,549
you always catch me on these questions
on which what image was it um oh

2994
00:53:28,549 --> 00:53:28,559
on which what image was it um oh
 

2995
00:53:28,559 --> 00:53:31,030
on which what image was it um oh
actually that was the a site

2996
00:53:31,030 --> 00:53:31,040
actually that was the a site
 

2997
00:53:31,040 --> 00:53:33,910
actually that was the a site
remember a long time ago so this is um

2998
00:53:33,910 --> 00:53:33,920
remember a long time ago so this is um
 

2999
00:53:33,920 --> 00:53:35,829
remember a long time ago so this is um
they were observing a to watch for its

3000
00:53:35,829 --> 00:53:35,839
they were observing a to watch for its
 

3001
00:53:35,839 --> 00:53:37,750
they were observing a to watch for its
evolution it's it's very

3002
00:53:37,750 --> 00:53:37,760
evolution it's it's very
 

3003
00:53:37,760 --> 00:53:39,270
evolution it's it's very
we're going to become interested in how

3004
00:53:39,270 --> 00:53:39,280
we're going to become interested in how
 

3005
00:53:39,280 --> 00:53:40,950
we're going to become interested in how
these things evolve with time so that

3006
00:53:40,950 --> 00:53:40,960
these things evolve with time so that
 

3007
00:53:40,960 --> 00:53:43,510
these things evolve with time so that
was the site of the first impact there

3008
00:53:43,510 --> 00:53:43,520
was the site of the first impact there
 

3009
00:53:43,520 --> 00:53:45,109
was the site of the first impact there
are so many of these sites now that

3010
00:53:45,109 --> 00:53:45,119
are so many of these sites now that
 

3011
00:53:45,119 --> 00:53:48,549
are so many of these sites now that
we've already seen reports where

3012
00:53:48,549 --> 00:53:48,559
we've already seen reports where
 

3013
00:53:48,559 --> 00:53:50,309
we've already seen reports where
as swiftly pointed out by their

3014
00:53:50,309 --> 00:53:50,319
as swiftly pointed out by their
 

3015
00:53:50,319 --> 00:53:52,870
as swiftly pointed out by their
colleagues astronomers are saying this

3016
00:53:52,870 --> 00:53:52,880
colleagues astronomers are saying this
 

3017
00:53:52,880 --> 00:53:53,910
colleagues astronomers are saying this
site

3018
00:53:53,910 --> 00:53:53,920
site
 

3019
00:53:53,920 --> 00:53:55,589
site
looked like thus and so and someone else

3020
00:53:55,589 --> 00:53:55,599
looked like thus and so and someone else
 

3021
00:53:55,599 --> 00:53:57,829
looked like thus and so and someone else
says no at that time you look you were

3022
00:53:57,829 --> 00:53:57,839
says no at that time you look you were
 

3023
00:53:57,839 --> 00:53:59,750
says no at that time you look you were
seeing a different side there's so many

3024
00:53:59,750 --> 00:53:59,760
seeing a different side there's so many
 

3025
00:53:59,760 --> 00:54:01,270
seeing a different side there's so many
of them now you

3026
00:54:01,270 --> 00:54:01,280
of them now you
 

3027
00:54:01,280 --> 00:54:02,790
of them now you
you need a program when you go to the

3028
00:54:02,790 --> 00:54:02,800
you need a program when you go to the
 

3029
00:54:02,800 --> 00:54:04,549
you need a program when you go to the
telescope to

3030
00:54:04,549 --> 00:54:04,559
telescope to
 

3031
00:54:04,559 --> 00:54:06,790
telescope to
tell the spots on jupiter

3032
00:54:06,790 --> 00:54:06,800
tell the spots on jupiter
 

3033
00:54:06,800 --> 00:54:08,630
tell the spots on jupiter
okay we have some questions now from the

3034
00:54:08,630 --> 00:54:08,640
okay we have some questions now from the
 

3035
00:54:08,640 --> 00:54:10,150
okay we have some questions now from the
kennedy space center in florida please

3036
00:54:10,150 --> 00:54:10,160
kennedy space center in florida please
 

3037
00:54:10,160 --> 00:54:13,270
kennedy space center in florida please
state your name and affiliation

3038
00:54:13,270 --> 00:54:13,280
state your name and affiliation
 

3039
00:54:13,280 --> 00:54:15,510
state your name and affiliation
hi jim banke of florida today a question

3040
00:54:15,510 --> 00:54:15,520
hi jim banke of florida today a question
 

3041
00:54:15,520 --> 00:54:18,549
hi jim banke of florida today a question
maybe for uh dave levy or lucy

3042
00:54:18,549 --> 00:54:18,559
maybe for uh dave levy or lucy
 

3043
00:54:18,559 --> 00:54:19,910
maybe for uh dave levy or lucy
you said earlier in the week that you

3044
00:54:19,910 --> 00:54:19,920
you said earlier in the week that you
 

3045
00:54:19,920 --> 00:54:21,990
you said earlier in the week that you
thought these spots would last for weeks

3046
00:54:21,990 --> 00:54:22,000
thought these spots would last for weeks
 

3047
00:54:22,000 --> 00:54:24,069
thought these spots would last for weeks
if not months is there any evidence from

3048
00:54:24,069 --> 00:54:24,079
if not months is there any evidence from
 

3049
00:54:24,079 --> 00:54:26,230
if not months is there any evidence from
the ground-based observatories the

3050
00:54:26,230 --> 00:54:26,240
the ground-based observatories the
 

3051
00:54:26,240 --> 00:54:28,309
the ground-based observatories the
telescopes that any of the earlier spots

3052
00:54:28,309 --> 00:54:28,319
telescopes that any of the earlier spots
 

3053
00:54:28,319 --> 00:54:30,950
telescopes that any of the earlier spots
are fading away we can ask lucy mcfadden

3054
00:54:30,950 --> 00:54:30,960
are fading away we can ask lucy mcfadden
 

3055
00:54:30,960 --> 00:54:32,790
are fading away we can ask lucy mcfadden
to answer that because dave levy was

3056
00:54:32,790 --> 00:54:32,800
to answer that because dave levy was
 

3057
00:54:32,800 --> 00:54:35,670
to answer that because dave levy was
called away he is in great demand

3058
00:54:35,670 --> 00:54:35,680
called away he is in great demand
 

3059
00:54:35,680 --> 00:54:36,789
called away he is in great demand
um

3060
00:54:36,789 --> 00:54:36,799
um
 

3061
00:54:36,799 --> 00:54:39,510
um
there is evidence of fading of some of

3062
00:54:39,510 --> 00:54:39,520
there is evidence of fading of some of
 

3063
00:54:39,520 --> 00:54:41,670
there is evidence of fading of some of
the spots changes in the brightness of

3064
00:54:41,670 --> 00:54:41,680
the spots changes in the brightness of
 

3065
00:54:41,680 --> 00:54:44,230
the spots changes in the brightness of
some of the spots um none of them have

3066
00:54:44,230 --> 00:54:44,240
some of the spots um none of them have
 

3067
00:54:44,240 --> 00:54:46,630
some of the spots um none of them have
disappeared remember some of the impacts

3068
00:54:46,630 --> 00:54:46,640
disappeared remember some of the impacts
 

3069
00:54:46,640 --> 00:54:47,990
disappeared remember some of the impacts
didn't leave a

3070
00:54:47,990 --> 00:54:48,000
didn't leave a
 

3071
00:54:48,000 --> 00:54:49,270
didn't leave a
scar

3072
00:54:49,270 --> 00:54:49,280
scar
 

3073
00:54:49,280 --> 00:54:53,349
scar
fragment b did not make a significant uh

3074
00:54:53,349 --> 00:54:53,359
fragment b did not make a significant uh
 

3075
00:54:53,359 --> 00:54:54,549
fragment b did not make a significant uh
feature

3076
00:54:54,549 --> 00:54:54,559
feature
 

3077
00:54:54,559 --> 00:54:55,829
feature
um

3078
00:54:55,829 --> 00:54:55,839
um
 

3079
00:54:55,839 --> 00:54:57,990
um
there's some change galileo people told

3080
00:54:57,990 --> 00:54:58,000
there's some change galileo people told
 

3081
00:54:58,000 --> 00:55:00,950
there's some change galileo people told
us that besides spotting h they looked

3082
00:55:00,950 --> 00:55:00,960
us that besides spotting h they looked
 

3083
00:55:00,960 --> 00:55:01,910
us that besides spotting h they looked
for

3084
00:55:01,910 --> 00:55:01,920
for
 

3085
00:55:01,920 --> 00:55:04,150
for
an impact site from b and did not see it

3086
00:55:04,150 --> 00:55:04,160
an impact site from b and did not see it
 

3087
00:55:04,160 --> 00:55:07,670
an impact site from b and did not see it
with that photopolarimeter

3088
00:55:07,670 --> 00:55:07,680

 

3089
00:55:07,680 --> 00:55:09,670

and the second question uh maybe a

3090
00:55:09,670 --> 00:55:09,680
and the second question uh maybe a
 

3091
00:55:09,680 --> 00:55:11,750
and the second question uh maybe a
little trivial for you folks but in the

3092
00:55:11,750 --> 00:55:11,760
little trivial for you folks but in the
 

3093
00:55:11,760 --> 00:55:14,630
little trivial for you folks but in the
forest of jupiter did the comet make a

3094
00:55:14,630 --> 00:55:14,640
forest of jupiter did the comet make a
 

3095
00:55:14,640 --> 00:55:16,870
forest of jupiter did the comet make a
sound when it uh when it hits

3096
00:55:16,870 --> 00:55:16,880
sound when it uh when it hits
 

3097
00:55:16,880 --> 00:55:18,390
sound when it uh when it hits
in i know there's no one there to hear

3098
00:55:18,390 --> 00:55:18,400
in i know there's no one there to hear
 

3099
00:55:18,400 --> 00:55:20,470
in i know there's no one there to hear
it but uh did it make a sound what would

3100
00:55:20,470 --> 00:55:20,480
it but uh did it make a sound what would
 

3101
00:55:20,480 --> 00:55:23,349
it but uh did it make a sound what would
be the sound of a comet hitting jupiter

3102
00:55:23,349 --> 00:55:23,359
be the sound of a comet hitting jupiter
 

3103
00:55:23,359 --> 00:55:25,910
be the sound of a comet hitting jupiter
very loud

3104
00:55:25,910 --> 00:55:25,920
very loud
 

3105
00:55:25,920 --> 00:55:28,069
very loud
made a very big sound

3106
00:55:28,069 --> 00:55:28,079
made a very big sound
 

3107
00:55:28,079 --> 00:55:30,549
made a very big sound
um one of the things we'll be looking at

3108
00:55:30,549 --> 00:55:30,559
um one of the things we'll be looking at
 

3109
00:55:30,559 --> 00:55:34,549
um one of the things we'll be looking at
for seismic waves which are a wave that

3110
00:55:34,549 --> 00:55:34,559
for seismic waves which are a wave that
 

3111
00:55:34,559 --> 00:55:36,230
for seismic waves which are a wave that
sounds through a wave i don't think

3112
00:55:36,230 --> 00:55:36,240
sounds through a wave i don't think
 

3113
00:55:36,240 --> 00:55:37,349
sounds through a wave i don't think
there's any

3114
00:55:37,349 --> 00:55:37,359
there's any
 

3115
00:55:37,359 --> 00:55:39,270
there's any
conclusions on that yet but it certainly

3116
00:55:39,270 --> 00:55:39,280
conclusions on that yet but it certainly
 

3117
00:55:39,280 --> 00:55:41,349
conclusions on that yet but it certainly
did make a big noise not just a sound

3118
00:55:41,349 --> 00:55:41,359
did make a big noise not just a sound
 

3119
00:55:41,359 --> 00:55:43,589
did make a big noise not just a sound
but it's a sonic boom that going on

3120
00:55:43,589 --> 00:55:43,599
but it's a sonic boom that going on
 

3121
00:55:43,599 --> 00:55:45,270
but it's a sonic boom that going on
there oh

3122
00:55:45,270 --> 00:55:45,280
there oh
 

3123
00:55:45,280 --> 00:55:46,829
there oh
undoubtedly

3124
00:55:46,829 --> 00:55:46,839
undoubtedly
 

3125
00:55:46,839 --> 00:55:49,349
undoubtedly
yes this is phil chan earth news for

3126
00:55:49,349 --> 00:55:49,359
yes this is phil chan earth news for
 

3127
00:55:49,359 --> 00:55:51,510
yes this is phil chan earth news for
roger and how certain are you that this

3128
00:55:51,510 --> 00:55:51,520
roger and how certain are you that this
 

3129
00:55:51,520 --> 00:55:53,190
roger and how certain are you that this
is sulfur have you eliminated all the

3130
00:55:53,190 --> 00:55:53,200
is sulfur have you eliminated all the
 

3131
00:55:53,200 --> 00:55:55,670
is sulfur have you eliminated all the
other possible molecules um is there any

3132
00:55:55,670 --> 00:55:55,680
other possible molecules um is there any
 

3133
00:55:55,680 --> 00:55:56,789
other possible molecules um is there any
possibility that this might be from the

3134
00:55:56,789 --> 00:55:56,799
possibility that this might be from the
 

3135
00:55:56,799 --> 00:55:58,870
possibility that this might be from the
iotaurus or from the magnetosphere some

3136
00:55:58,870 --> 00:55:58,880
iotaurus or from the magnetosphere some
 

3137
00:55:58,880 --> 00:56:00,870
iotaurus or from the magnetosphere some
kind of ionized sulfur

3138
00:56:00,870 --> 00:56:00,880
kind of ionized sulfur
 

3139
00:56:00,880 --> 00:56:03,910
kind of ionized sulfur
uh

3140
00:56:03,910 --> 00:56:03,920

 

3141
00:56:03,920 --> 00:56:07,670

we're absolutely sure it's sulfur we um

3142
00:56:07,670 --> 00:56:07,680
we're absolutely sure it's sulfur we um
 

3143
00:56:07,680 --> 00:56:09,349
we're absolutely sure it's sulfur we um
you saw that it had this this very

3144
00:56:09,349 --> 00:56:09,359
you saw that it had this this very
 

3145
00:56:09,359 --> 00:56:11,270
you saw that it had this this very
interesting structure where the there

3146
00:56:11,270 --> 00:56:11,280
interesting structure where the there
 

3147
00:56:11,280 --> 00:56:12,870
interesting structure where the there
were wiggles up and down and there's

3148
00:56:12,870 --> 00:56:12,880
were wiggles up and down and there's
 

3149
00:56:12,880 --> 00:56:14,630
were wiggles up and down and there's
about 30 of those wiggles and they all

3150
00:56:14,630 --> 00:56:14,640
about 30 of those wiggles and they all
 

3151
00:56:14,640 --> 00:56:17,750
about 30 of those wiggles and they all
line up with 30 lines expected from

3152
00:56:17,750 --> 00:56:17,760
line up with 30 lines expected from
 

3153
00:56:17,760 --> 00:56:20,870
line up with 30 lines expected from
sulfur and then the distribution of

3154
00:56:20,870 --> 00:56:20,880
sulfur and then the distribution of
 

3155
00:56:20,880 --> 00:56:23,109
sulfur and then the distribution of
intensities is also understandable in

3156
00:56:23,109 --> 00:56:23,119
intensities is also understandable in
 

3157
00:56:23,119 --> 00:56:24,630
intensities is also understandable in
terms of sulfur so i think there's no

3158
00:56:24,630 --> 00:56:24,640
terms of sulfur so i think there's no
 

3159
00:56:24,640 --> 00:56:26,950
terms of sulfur so i think there's no
doubt now i also reported a more

3160
00:56:26,950 --> 00:56:26,960
doubt now i also reported a more
 

3161
00:56:26,960 --> 00:56:28,069
doubt now i also reported a more
tentative

3162
00:56:28,069 --> 00:56:28,079
tentative
 

3163
00:56:28,079 --> 00:56:30,549
tentative
detection of h2s and i want to be

3164
00:56:30,549 --> 00:56:30,559
detection of h2s and i want to be
 

3165
00:56:30,559 --> 00:56:31,910
detection of h2s and i want to be
careful with that

3166
00:56:31,910 --> 00:56:31,920
careful with that
 

3167
00:56:31,920 --> 00:56:32,630
careful with that
the

3168
00:56:32,630 --> 00:56:32,640
the
 

3169
00:56:32,640 --> 00:56:34,549
the
the spectrum is consistent with with

3170
00:56:34,549 --> 00:56:34,559
the spectrum is consistent with with
 

3171
00:56:34,559 --> 00:56:36,069
the spectrum is consistent with with
hydrogen sulfide but it might be

3172
00:56:36,069 --> 00:56:36,079
hydrogen sulfide but it might be
 

3173
00:56:36,079 --> 00:56:38,950
hydrogen sulfide but it might be
possible to explain that feature with

3174
00:56:38,950 --> 00:56:38,960
possible to explain that feature with
 

3175
00:56:38,960 --> 00:56:40,470
possible to explain that feature with
some combination of other molecules

3176
00:56:40,470 --> 00:56:40,480
some combination of other molecules
 

3177
00:56:40,480 --> 00:56:42,230
some combination of other molecules
we'll have to be more careful and wait

3178
00:56:42,230 --> 00:56:42,240
we'll have to be more careful and wait
 

3179
00:56:42,240 --> 00:56:44,630
we'll have to be more careful and wait
and see on that but for the for the s2

3180
00:56:44,630 --> 00:56:44,640
and see on that but for the for the s2
 

3181
00:56:44,640 --> 00:56:45,910
and see on that but for the for the s2
there's just no doubt couldn't be

3182
00:56:45,910 --> 00:56:45,920
there's just no doubt couldn't be
 

3183
00:56:45,920 --> 00:56:47,670
there's just no doubt couldn't be
anything else the other part of phil

3184
00:56:47,670 --> 00:56:47,680
anything else the other part of phil
 

3185
00:56:47,680 --> 00:56:49,270
anything else the other part of phil
chan's question was could this sulphur

3186
00:56:49,270 --> 00:56:49,280
chan's question was could this sulphur
 

3187
00:56:49,280 --> 00:56:51,910
chan's question was could this sulphur
be in the volcanoes on eo that's very

3188
00:56:51,910 --> 00:56:51,920
be in the volcanoes on eo that's very
 

3189
00:56:51,920 --> 00:56:53,670
be in the volcanoes on eo that's very
hard for me to imagine i think i'd have

3190
00:56:53,670 --> 00:56:53,680
hard for me to imagine i think i'd have
 

3191
00:56:53,680 --> 00:56:56,069
hard for me to imagine i think i'd have
to say no

3192
00:56:56,069 --> 00:56:56,079
to say no
 

3193
00:56:56,079 --> 00:56:57,589
to say no
okay and will you be making this data

3194
00:56:57,589 --> 00:56:57,599
okay and will you be making this data
 

3195
00:56:57,599 --> 00:57:00,230
okay and will you be making this data
available on the internet and using

3196
00:57:00,230 --> 00:57:00,240
available on the internet and using
 

3197
00:57:00,240 --> 00:57:01,750
available on the internet and using
heidi hamill's

3198
00:57:01,750 --> 00:57:01,760
heidi hamill's
 

3199
00:57:01,760 --> 00:57:04,470
heidi hamill's
analogy how bad is the traffic jam on

3200
00:57:04,470 --> 00:57:04,480
analogy how bad is the traffic jam on
 

3201
00:57:04,480 --> 00:57:06,549
analogy how bad is the traffic jam on
information superhighway

3202
00:57:06,549 --> 00:57:06,559
information superhighway
 

3203
00:57:06,559 --> 00:57:08,870
information superhighway
um traffic's very heavy on the

3204
00:57:08,870 --> 00:57:08,880
um traffic's very heavy on the
 

3205
00:57:08,880 --> 00:57:10,950
um traffic's very heavy on the
information super highway

3206
00:57:10,950 --> 00:57:10,960
information super highway
 

3207
00:57:10,960 --> 00:57:14,230
information super highway
i've have reports that the

3208
00:57:14,230 --> 00:57:14,240
i've have reports that the
 

3209
00:57:14,240 --> 00:57:16,390
i've have reports that the
computer up at space science telescope

3210
00:57:16,390 --> 00:57:16,400
computer up at space science telescope
 

3211
00:57:16,400 --> 00:57:18,309
computer up at space science telescope
institute is uh

3212
00:57:18,309 --> 00:57:18,319
institute is uh
 

3213
00:57:18,319 --> 00:57:22,390
institute is uh
jammed standstill just like los angeles

3214
00:57:22,390 --> 00:57:22,400
jammed standstill just like los angeles
 

3215
00:57:22,400 --> 00:57:24,710
jammed standstill just like los angeles
our computer at university of maryland

3216
00:57:24,710 --> 00:57:24,720
our computer at university of maryland
 

3217
00:57:24,720 --> 00:57:26,950
our computer at university of maryland
which is available for professional

3218
00:57:26,950 --> 00:57:26,960
which is available for professional
 

3219
00:57:26,960 --> 00:57:28,950
which is available for professional
astronomers and the observers

3220
00:57:28,950 --> 00:57:28,960
astronomers and the observers
 

3221
00:57:28,960 --> 00:57:31,190
astronomers and the observers
has been running at 50 to 70 percent

3222
00:57:31,190 --> 00:57:31,200
has been running at 50 to 70 percent
 

3223
00:57:31,200 --> 00:57:32,950
has been running at 50 to 70 percent
capacity

3224
00:57:32,950 --> 00:57:32,960
capacity
 

3225
00:57:32,960 --> 00:57:35,270
capacity
and we have anywhere from one to two

3226
00:57:35,270 --> 00:57:35,280
and we have anywhere from one to two
 

3227
00:57:35,280 --> 00:57:37,670
and we have anywhere from one to two
dozen people on at any one time

3228
00:57:37,670 --> 00:57:37,680
dozen people on at any one time
 

3229
00:57:37,680 --> 00:57:39,990
dozen people on at any one time
and we cannot compute

3230
00:57:39,990 --> 00:57:40,000
and we cannot compute
 

3231
00:57:40,000 --> 00:57:41,589
and we cannot compute
we can't keep track of how many people

3232
00:57:41,589 --> 00:57:41,599
we can't keep track of how many people
 

3233
00:57:41,599 --> 00:57:43,670
we can't keep track of how many people
log on and the same at hubble space

3234
00:57:43,670 --> 00:57:43,680
log on and the same at hubble space
 

3235
00:57:43,680 --> 00:57:45,270
log on and the same at hubble space
telescope they had to move their program

3236
00:57:45,270 --> 00:57:45,280
telescope they had to move their program
 

3237
00:57:45,280 --> 00:57:47,109
telescope they had to move their program
that counts how many people are logging

3238
00:57:47,109 --> 00:57:47,119
that counts how many people are logging
 

3239
00:57:47,119 --> 00:57:48,390
that counts how many people are logging
on to another machine because the

3240
00:57:48,390 --> 00:57:48,400
on to another machine because the
 

3241
00:57:48,400 --> 00:57:50,309
on to another machine because the
machine couldn't handle the incoming

3242
00:57:50,309 --> 00:57:50,319
machine couldn't handle the incoming
 

3243
00:57:50,319 --> 00:57:51,510
machine couldn't handle the incoming
traffic so

3244
00:57:51,510 --> 00:57:51,520
traffic so
 

3245
00:57:51,520 --> 00:57:52,630
traffic so
uh it's

3246
00:57:52,630 --> 00:57:52,640
uh it's
 

3247
00:57:52,640 --> 00:57:54,390
uh it's
it's busy

3248
00:57:54,390 --> 00:57:54,400
it's busy
 

3249
00:57:54,400 --> 00:57:57,349
it's busy
it's the way it's supposed to be i guess

3250
00:57:57,349 --> 00:57:57,359
it's the way it's supposed to be i guess
 

3251
00:57:57,359 --> 00:57:59,510
it's the way it's supposed to be i guess
we'll go to headquarters now for some

3252
00:57:59,510 --> 00:57:59,520
we'll go to headquarters now for some
 

3253
00:57:59,520 --> 00:58:01,430
we'll go to headquarters now for some
questions please state your name and

3254
00:58:01,430 --> 00:58:01,440
questions please state your name and
 

3255
00:58:01,440 --> 00:58:10,950
questions please state your name and
affiliation

3256
00:58:10,950 --> 00:58:10,960

 

3257
00:58:10,960 --> 00:58:12,549

i'm not sure if we're having a technical

3258
00:58:12,549 --> 00:58:12,559
i'm not sure if we're having a technical
 

3259
00:58:12,559 --> 00:58:14,230
i'm not sure if we're having a technical
difficulty

3260
00:58:14,230 --> 00:58:14,240
difficulty
 

3261
00:58:14,240 --> 00:58:18,710
difficulty
headquarters are you there

3262
00:58:18,710 --> 00:58:18,720

 

3263
00:58:18,720 --> 00:58:20,870

okay we're going to have time for one

3264
00:58:20,870 --> 00:58:20,880
okay we're going to have time for one
 

3265
00:58:20,880 --> 00:58:22,870
okay we're going to have time for one
more question here and i've been

3266
00:58:22,870 --> 00:58:22,880
more question here and i've been
 

3267
00:58:22,880 --> 00:58:24,710
more question here and i've been
assured the panels will stay around for

3268
00:58:24,710 --> 00:58:24,720
assured the panels will stay around for
 

3269
00:58:24,720 --> 00:58:29,510
assured the panels will stay around for
questions later on

3270
00:58:29,510 --> 00:58:29,520

 

3271
00:58:29,520 --> 00:58:30,950

this is mark carrara the houston

3272
00:58:30,950 --> 00:58:30,960
this is mark carrara the houston
 

3273
00:58:30,960 --> 00:58:32,549
this is mark carrara the houston
chronicle could you talk a little bit

3274
00:58:32,549 --> 00:58:32,559
chronicle could you talk a little bit
 

3275
00:58:32,559 --> 00:58:33,670
chronicle could you talk a little bit
about

3276
00:58:33,670 --> 00:58:33,680
about
 

3277
00:58:33,680 --> 00:58:36,630
about
qr and s and even the

3278
00:58:36,630 --> 00:58:36,640
qr and s and even the
 

3279
00:58:36,640 --> 00:58:38,309
qr and s and even the
the last fragments and how they're going

3280
00:58:38,309 --> 00:58:38,319
the last fragments and how they're going
 

3281
00:58:38,319 --> 00:58:41,030
the last fragments and how they're going
to how they compare in size brightness

3282
00:58:41,030 --> 00:58:41,040
to how they compare in size brightness
 

3283
00:58:41,040 --> 00:58:42,710
to how they compare in size brightness
or whatever with those that have hit

3284
00:58:42,710 --> 00:58:42,720
or whatever with those that have hit
 

3285
00:58:42,720 --> 00:58:46,069
or whatever with those that have hit
before

3286
00:58:46,069 --> 00:58:46,079

 

3287
00:58:46,079 --> 00:58:49,349

the qr and s impacts will occur within

3288
00:58:49,349 --> 00:58:49,359
the qr and s impacts will occur within
 

3289
00:58:49,359 --> 00:58:51,109
the qr and s impacts will occur within
about 10 hours of each other which means

3290
00:58:51,109 --> 00:58:51,119
about 10 hours of each other which means
 

3291
00:58:51,119 --> 00:58:53,589
about 10 hours of each other which means
they will land on jupiter at the same

3292
00:58:53,589 --> 00:58:53,599
they will land on jupiter at the same
 

3293
00:58:53,599 --> 00:58:55,910
they will land on jupiter at the same
location

3294
00:58:55,910 --> 00:58:55,920
location
 

3295
00:58:55,920 --> 00:58:57,510
location
let's see dave jewett at university of

3296
00:58:57,510 --> 00:58:57,520
let's see dave jewett at university of
 

3297
00:58:57,520 --> 00:59:00,230
let's see dave jewett at university of
hawaii has done some recent astrometry

3298
00:59:00,230 --> 00:59:00,240
hawaii has done some recent astrometry
 

3299
00:59:00,240 --> 00:59:01,589
hawaii has done some recent astrometry
he had a

3300
00:59:01,589 --> 00:59:01,599
he had a
 

3301
00:59:01,599 --> 00:59:03,190
he had a
an instrument which allowed which

3302
00:59:03,190 --> 00:59:03,200
an instrument which allowed which
 

3303
00:59:03,200 --> 00:59:05,109
an instrument which allowed which
blocked out the light from jupiter and

3304
00:59:05,109 --> 00:59:05,119
blocked out the light from jupiter and
 

3305
00:59:05,119 --> 00:59:06,789
blocked out the light from jupiter and
allowed him to look at the fragments as

3306
00:59:06,789 --> 00:59:06,799
allowed him to look at the fragments as
 

3307
00:59:06,799 --> 00:59:09,030
allowed him to look at the fragments as
they were approaching jupiter very close

3308
00:59:09,030 --> 00:59:09,040
they were approaching jupiter very close
 

3309
00:59:09,040 --> 00:59:09,990
they were approaching jupiter very close
and

3310
00:59:09,990 --> 00:59:10,000
and
 

3311
00:59:10,000 --> 00:59:11,670
and
with his measurements of the positions

3312
00:59:11,670 --> 00:59:11,680
with his measurements of the positions
 

3313
00:59:11,680 --> 00:59:14,230
with his measurements of the positions
of the fragments he enabled paul chotis

3314
00:59:14,230 --> 00:59:14,240
of the fragments he enabled paul chotis
 

3315
00:59:14,240 --> 00:59:16,470
of the fragments he enabled paul chotis
and don yeomans at jet propulsion lab to

3316
00:59:16,470 --> 00:59:16,480
and don yeomans at jet propulsion lab to
 

3317
00:59:16,480 --> 00:59:19,030
and don yeomans at jet propulsion lab to
update the impact times and those impact

3318
00:59:19,030 --> 00:59:19,040
update the impact times and those impact
 

3319
00:59:19,040 --> 00:59:21,109
update the impact times and those impact
times have moved forward about 15

3320
00:59:21,109 --> 00:59:21,119
times have moved forward about 15
 

3321
00:59:21,119 --> 00:59:23,190
times have moved forward about 15
minutes

3322
00:59:23,190 --> 00:59:23,200
minutes
 

3323
00:59:23,200 --> 00:59:25,670
minutes
so they but the spacing between them i

3324
00:59:25,670 --> 00:59:25,680
so they but the spacing between them i
 

3325
00:59:25,680 --> 00:59:28,710
so they but the spacing between them i
believe is still the same so we're we're

3326
00:59:28,710 --> 00:59:28,720
believe is still the same so we're we're
 

3327
00:59:28,720 --> 00:59:30,150
believe is still the same so we're we're
interested in watching what's going to

3328
00:59:30,150 --> 00:59:30,160
interested in watching what's going to
 

3329
00:59:30,160 --> 00:59:32,230
interested in watching what's going to
happen when these sites land on top of

3330
00:59:32,230 --> 00:59:32,240
happen when these sites land on top of
 

3331
00:59:32,240 --> 00:59:34,069
happen when these sites land on top of
each other and and

3332
00:59:34,069 --> 00:59:34,079
each other and and
 

3333
00:59:34,079 --> 00:59:36,309
each other and and
it's going to make it harder for us to

3334
00:59:36,309 --> 00:59:36,319
it's going to make it harder for us to
 

3335
00:59:36,319 --> 00:59:38,630
it's going to make it harder for us to
disentangle the information but we may

3336
00:59:38,630 --> 00:59:38,640
disentangle the information but we may
 

3337
00:59:38,640 --> 00:59:41,270
disentangle the information but we may
learn something from it as well q should

3338
00:59:41,270 --> 00:59:41,280
learn something from it as well q should
 

3339
00:59:41,280 --> 00:59:43,430
learn something from it as well q should
be big right i think that's part of the

3340
00:59:43,430 --> 00:59:43,440
be big right i think that's part of the
 

3341
00:59:43,440 --> 00:59:46,150
be big right i think that's part of the
question yeah q should be big p's p

3342
00:59:46,150 --> 00:59:46,160
question yeah q should be big p's p
 

3343
00:59:46,160 --> 00:59:47,829
question yeah q should be big p's p
should be big too they're they are

3344
00:59:47,829 --> 00:59:47,839
should be big too they're they are
 

3345
00:59:47,839 --> 00:59:51,910
should be big too they're they are
they're all big

3346
00:59:51,910 --> 00:59:51,920

 

3347
00:59:51,920 --> 00:59:53,990

let's try headquarters again uh go ahead

3348
00:59:53,990 --> 00:59:54,000
let's try headquarters again uh go ahead
 

3349
00:59:54,000 --> 00:59:55,030
let's try headquarters again uh go ahead
please

3350
00:59:55,030 --> 00:59:55,040
please
 

3351
00:59:55,040 --> 00:59:56,950
please
uh yeah this is ron kellen from science

3352
00:59:56,950 --> 00:59:56,960
uh yeah this is ron kellen from science
 

3353
00:59:56,960 --> 00:59:59,589
uh yeah this is ron kellen from science
news for dr pronjay can you tell me how

3354
00:59:59,589 --> 00:59:59,599
news for dr pronjay can you tell me how
 

3355
00:59:59,599 --> 01:00:01,270
news for dr pronjay can you tell me how
many kilometers

3356
01:00:01,270 --> 01:00:01,280
many kilometers
 

3357
01:00:01,280 --> 01:00:04,950
many kilometers
uh this this new footprint is below the

3358
01:00:04,950 --> 01:00:04,960
uh this this new footprint is below the
 

3359
01:00:04,960 --> 01:00:07,190
uh this this new footprint is below the
the existing one is there a way to

3360
01:00:07,190 --> 01:00:07,200
the existing one is there a way to
 

3361
01:00:07,200 --> 01:00:08,789
the existing one is there a way to
understand why

3362
01:00:08,789 --> 01:00:08,799
understand why
 

3363
01:00:08,799 --> 01:00:10,950
understand why
this commentary debris just getting onto

3364
01:00:10,950 --> 01:00:10,960
this commentary debris just getting onto
 

3365
01:00:10,960 --> 01:00:12,549
this commentary debris just getting onto
the north pole why it wouldn't just

3366
01:00:12,549 --> 01:00:12,559
the north pole why it wouldn't just
 

3367
01:00:12,559 --> 01:00:14,549
the north pole why it wouldn't just
brighten the existing footprint why

3368
01:00:14,549 --> 01:00:14,559
brighten the existing footprint why
 

3369
01:00:14,559 --> 01:00:16,710
brighten the existing footprint why
would indeed create a new one and again

3370
01:00:16,710 --> 01:00:16,720
would indeed create a new one and again
 

3371
01:00:16,720 --> 01:00:19,990
would indeed create a new one and again
how many kilometers beneath is it

3372
01:00:19,990 --> 01:00:20,000
how many kilometers beneath is it
 

3373
01:00:20,000 --> 01:00:24,470
how many kilometers beneath is it
well the size in terms of kilometers

3374
01:00:24,470 --> 01:00:24,480

 

3375
01:00:24,480 --> 01:00:26,150

it's rather

3376
01:00:26,150 --> 01:00:26,160
it's rather
 

3377
01:00:26,160 --> 01:00:28,309
it's rather
narrow in terms of latitude it may be

3378
01:00:28,309 --> 01:00:28,319
narrow in terms of latitude it may be
 

3379
01:00:28,319 --> 01:00:29,750
narrow in terms of latitude it may be
like it's less than a thousand

3380
01:00:29,750 --> 01:00:29,760
like it's less than a thousand
 

3381
01:00:29,760 --> 01:00:31,750
like it's less than a thousand
kilometers in latitude

3382
01:00:31,750 --> 01:00:31,760
kilometers in latitude
 

3383
01:00:31,760 --> 01:00:34,230
kilometers in latitude
in longitude it's elongated and

3384
01:00:34,230 --> 01:00:34,240
in longitude it's elongated and
 

3385
01:00:34,240 --> 01:00:36,870
in longitude it's elongated and
i would say

3386
01:00:36,870 --> 01:00:36,880
i would say
 

3387
01:00:36,880 --> 01:00:38,470
i would say
probably like

3388
01:00:38,470 --> 01:00:38,480
probably like
 

3389
01:00:38,480 --> 01:00:40,549
probably like
a few thousand kilometers maybe 10 000

3390
01:00:40,549 --> 01:00:40,559
a few thousand kilometers maybe 10 000
 

3391
01:00:40,559 --> 01:00:43,270
a few thousand kilometers maybe 10 000
kilometers but out of that we cannot

3392
01:00:43,270 --> 01:00:43,280
kilometers but out of that we cannot
 

3393
01:00:43,280 --> 01:00:45,030
kilometers but out of that we cannot
tell whether i should spot which has

3394
01:00:45,030 --> 01:00:45,040
tell whether i should spot which has
 

3395
01:00:45,040 --> 01:00:47,190
tell whether i should spot which has
been moving on on top of the planet

3396
01:00:47,190 --> 01:00:47,200
been moving on on top of the planet
 

3397
01:00:47,200 --> 01:00:48,069
been moving on on top of the planet
because

3398
01:00:48,069 --> 01:00:48,079
because
 

3399
01:00:48,079 --> 01:00:51,750
because
the the exposures have been four

3400
01:00:51,750 --> 01:00:51,760
the the exposures have been four
 

3401
01:00:51,760 --> 01:00:54,390
the the exposures have been four
five six seconds six minutes long during

3402
01:00:54,390 --> 01:00:54,400
five six seconds six minutes long during
 

3403
01:00:54,400 --> 01:00:57,030
five six seconds six minutes long during
that time a fixed spot in the

3404
01:00:57,030 --> 01:00:57,040
that time a fixed spot in the
 

3405
01:00:57,040 --> 01:00:59,670
that time a fixed spot in the
magnetosphere rotates in the in front of

3406
01:00:59,670 --> 01:00:59,680
magnetosphere rotates in the in front of
 

3407
01:00:59,680 --> 01:01:02,309
magnetosphere rotates in the in front of
the of the telescope by about four

3408
01:01:02,309 --> 01:01:02,319
the of the telescope by about four
 

3409
01:01:02,319 --> 01:01:04,549
the of the telescope by about four
degrees i guess i'm not sure but that's

3410
01:01:04,549 --> 01:01:04,559
degrees i guess i'm not sure but that's
 

3411
01:01:04,559 --> 01:01:06,870
degrees i guess i'm not sure but that's
the order the spot itself we have

3412
01:01:06,870 --> 01:01:06,880
the order the spot itself we have
 

3413
01:01:06,880 --> 01:01:09,190
the order the spot itself we have
measured the trace which is about 15

3414
01:01:09,190 --> 01:01:09,200
measured the trace which is about 15
 

3415
01:01:09,200 --> 01:01:12,309
measured the trace which is about 15
degrees so in fact it's longer than that

3416
01:01:12,309 --> 01:01:12,319
degrees so in fact it's longer than that
 

3417
01:01:12,319 --> 01:01:15,589
degrees so in fact it's longer than that
either this is a remaining light and it

3418
01:01:15,589 --> 01:01:15,599
either this is a remaining light and it
 

3419
01:01:15,599 --> 01:01:18,230
either this is a remaining light and it
has been created locally by the by the

3420
01:01:18,230 --> 01:01:18,240
has been created locally by the by the
 

3421
01:01:18,240 --> 01:01:19,910
has been created locally by the by the
comet but the comet

3422
01:01:19,910 --> 01:01:19,920
comet but the comet
 

3423
01:01:19,920 --> 01:01:21,910
comet but the comet
in the last two hours the comet is going

3424
01:01:21,910 --> 01:01:21,920
in the last two hours the comet is going
 

3425
01:01:21,920 --> 01:01:24,789
in the last two hours the comet is going
from the dusk side to the node at noon

3426
01:01:24,789 --> 01:01:24,799
from the dusk side to the node at noon
 

3427
01:01:24,799 --> 01:01:27,030
from the dusk side to the node at noon
and then to the morning site very very

3428
01:01:27,030 --> 01:01:27,040
and then to the morning site very very
 

3429
01:01:27,040 --> 01:01:30,230
and then to the morning site very very
fast so in if you have emission

3430
01:01:30,230 --> 01:01:30,240
fast so in if you have emission
 

3431
01:01:30,240 --> 01:01:33,589
fast so in if you have emission
which is blowing growing from for say 10

3432
01:01:33,589 --> 01:01:33,599
which is blowing growing from for say 10
 

3433
01:01:33,599 --> 01:01:35,349
which is blowing growing from for say 10
minutes you will see it like a track on

3434
01:01:35,349 --> 01:01:35,359
minutes you will see it like a track on
 

3435
01:01:35,359 --> 01:01:37,670
minutes you will see it like a track on
the on the observations so we cannot

3436
01:01:37,670 --> 01:01:37,680
the on the observations so we cannot
 

3437
01:01:37,680 --> 01:01:40,870
the on the observations so we cannot
tell so far how how large is the spot if

3438
01:01:40,870 --> 01:01:40,880
tell so far how how large is the spot if
 

3439
01:01:40,880 --> 01:01:42,710
tell so far how how large is the spot if
it's a temporal effect of if it is a

3440
01:01:42,710 --> 01:01:42,720
it's a temporal effect of if it is a
 

3441
01:01:42,720 --> 01:01:44,150
it's a temporal effect of if it is a
special effect

3442
01:01:44,150 --> 01:01:44,160
special effect
 

3443
01:01:44,160 --> 01:01:45,510
special effect
and the other answer the other part of

3444
01:01:45,510 --> 01:01:45,520
and the other answer the other part of
 

3445
01:01:45,520 --> 01:01:48,230
and the other answer the other part of
ron cowan's question why doesn't it just

3446
01:01:48,230 --> 01:01:48,240
ron cowan's question why doesn't it just
 

3447
01:01:48,240 --> 01:01:49,510
ron cowan's question why doesn't it just
shine in the

3448
01:01:49,510 --> 01:01:49,520
shine in the
 

3449
01:01:49,520 --> 01:01:52,390
shine in the
normal a rural place is that it's not

3450
01:01:52,390 --> 01:01:52,400
normal a rural place is that it's not
 

3451
01:01:52,400 --> 01:01:54,309
normal a rural place is that it's not
like all the bees go to the same nest to

3452
01:01:54,309 --> 01:01:54,319
like all the bees go to the same nest to
 

3453
01:01:54,319 --> 01:01:57,990
like all the bees go to the same nest to
get honey but the the the magnetic line

3454
01:01:57,990 --> 01:01:58,000
get honey but the the the magnetic line
 

3455
01:01:58,000 --> 01:02:00,069
get honey but the the the magnetic line
from the normal northern or rural zone

3456
01:02:00,069 --> 01:02:00,079
from the normal northern or rural zone
 

3457
01:02:00,079 --> 01:02:01,829
from the normal northern or rural zone
doesn't come to the place where the

3458
01:02:01,829 --> 01:02:01,839
doesn't come to the place where the
 

3459
01:02:01,839 --> 01:02:04,069
doesn't come to the place where the
comet hit the normal the normal aura

3460
01:02:04,069 --> 01:02:04,079
comet hit the normal the normal aura
 

3461
01:02:04,079 --> 01:02:05,190
comet hit the normal the normal aura
comes from

3462
01:02:05,190 --> 01:02:05,200
comes from
 

3463
01:02:05,200 --> 01:02:07,270
comes from
apparently the last observation we got

3464
01:02:07,270 --> 01:02:07,280
apparently the last observation we got
 

3465
01:02:07,280 --> 01:02:10,230
apparently the last observation we got
with the with the hubble last year

3466
01:02:10,230 --> 01:02:10,240
with the with the hubble last year
 

3467
01:02:10,240 --> 01:02:12,390
with the with the hubble last year
suggests very very strongly in the

3468
01:02:12,390 --> 01:02:12,400
suggests very very strongly in the
 

3469
01:02:12,400 --> 01:02:13,670
suggests very very strongly in the
comparison with ulysses we did

3470
01:02:13,670 --> 01:02:13,680
comparison with ulysses we did
 

3471
01:02:13,680 --> 01:02:15,990
comparison with ulysses we did
comparison with herbal and ulysses this

3472
01:02:15,990 --> 01:02:16,000
comparison with herbal and ulysses this
 

3473
01:02:16,000 --> 01:02:16,789
comparison with herbal and ulysses this
year

3474
01:02:16,789 --> 01:02:16,799
year
 

3475
01:02:16,799 --> 01:02:20,150
year
and it's very strongly suggest that the

3476
01:02:20,150 --> 01:02:20,160
and it's very strongly suggest that the
 

3477
01:02:20,160 --> 01:02:21,670
and it's very strongly suggest that the
normal or

3478
01:02:21,670 --> 01:02:21,680
normal or
 

3479
01:02:21,680 --> 01:02:24,230
normal or
observed glow we see it's related to

3480
01:02:24,230 --> 01:02:24,240
observed glow we see it's related to
 

3481
01:02:24,240 --> 01:02:27,029
observed glow we see it's related to
currents which flow right at the limit

3482
01:02:27,029 --> 01:02:27,039
currents which flow right at the limit
 

3483
01:02:27,039 --> 01:02:29,750
currents which flow right at the limit
between what we call the polar cap and

3484
01:02:29,750 --> 01:02:29,760
between what we call the polar cap and
 

3485
01:02:29,760 --> 01:02:31,430
between what we call the polar cap and
the closed fill line inside the

3486
01:02:31,430 --> 01:02:31,440
the closed fill line inside the
 

3487
01:02:31,440 --> 01:02:33,430
the closed fill line inside the
magnetosphere the close field line they

3488
01:02:33,430 --> 01:02:33,440
magnetosphere the close field line they
 

3489
01:02:33,440 --> 01:02:35,990
magnetosphere the close field line they
rotate to the planet in 10 hours the

3490
01:02:35,990 --> 01:02:36,000
rotate to the planet in 10 hours the
 

3491
01:02:36,000 --> 01:02:38,150
rotate to the planet in 10 hours the
open field lines as we say in our jargon

3492
01:02:38,150 --> 01:02:38,160
open field lines as we say in our jargon
 

3493
01:02:38,160 --> 01:02:40,470
open field lines as we say in our jargon
the one which are pushed away in the

3494
01:02:40,470 --> 01:02:40,480
the one which are pushed away in the
 

3495
01:02:40,480 --> 01:02:41,750
the one which are pushed away in the
tail by the

3496
01:02:41,750 --> 01:02:41,760
tail by the
 

3497
01:02:41,760 --> 01:02:43,750
tail by the
solar pressure solar in pressure and

3498
01:02:43,750 --> 01:02:43,760
solar pressure solar in pressure and
 

3499
01:02:43,760 --> 01:02:45,430
solar pressure solar in pressure and
which are open to the solar wind

3500
01:02:45,430 --> 01:02:45,440
which are open to the solar wind
 

3501
01:02:45,440 --> 01:02:47,510
which are open to the solar wind
normally they do not rotate with the

3502
01:02:47,510 --> 01:02:47,520
normally they do not rotate with the
 

3503
01:02:47,520 --> 01:02:49,349
normally they do not rotate with the
with the

3504
01:02:49,349 --> 01:02:49,359
with the
 

3505
01:02:49,359 --> 01:02:51,270
with the
the planet itself this creates a

3506
01:02:51,270 --> 01:02:51,280
the planet itself this creates a
 

3507
01:02:51,280 --> 01:02:54,150
the planet itself this creates a
condition for strong currents and there

3508
01:02:54,150 --> 01:02:54,160
condition for strong currents and there
 

3509
01:02:54,160 --> 01:02:56,390
condition for strong currents and there
we see a sheet of precipitation this is

3510
01:02:56,390 --> 01:02:56,400
we see a sheet of precipitation this is
 

3511
01:02:56,400 --> 01:02:58,870
we see a sheet of precipitation this is
very very high latitude it is connected

3512
01:02:58,870 --> 01:02:58,880
very very high latitude it is connected
 

3513
01:02:58,880 --> 01:03:00,390
very very high latitude it is connected
at something like

3514
01:03:00,390 --> 01:03:00,400
at something like
 

3515
01:03:00,400 --> 01:03:01,990
at something like
60

3516
01:03:01,990 --> 01:03:02,000
60
 

3517
01:03:02,000 --> 01:03:04,789
60
60 uh planetary radius the the opposite

3518
01:03:04,789 --> 01:03:04,799
60 uh planetary radius the the opposite
 

3519
01:03:04,799 --> 01:03:07,510
60 uh planetary radius the the opposite
the the glow we have seen this transient

3520
01:03:07,510 --> 01:03:07,520
the the glow we have seen this transient
 

3521
01:03:07,520 --> 01:03:11,109
the the glow we have seen this transient
glow is on field lines which go like two

3522
01:03:11,109 --> 01:03:11,119
glow is on field lines which go like two
 

3523
01:03:11,119 --> 01:03:13,430
glow is on field lines which go like two
or three rg at maximum at the equator

3524
01:03:13,430 --> 01:03:13,440
or three rg at maximum at the equator
 

3525
01:03:13,440 --> 01:03:15,910
or three rg at maximum at the equator
from the from the center of the planet

3526
01:03:15,910 --> 01:03:15,920
from the from the center of the planet
 

3527
01:03:15,920 --> 01:03:18,309
from the from the center of the planet
very very closely line in what we call

3528
01:03:18,309 --> 01:03:18,319
very very closely line in what we call
 

3529
01:03:18,319 --> 01:03:20,309
very very closely line in what we call
the inner magnetosphere in the inner

3530
01:03:20,309 --> 01:03:20,319
the inner magnetosphere in the inner
 

3531
01:03:20,319 --> 01:03:22,549
the inner magnetosphere in the inner
magnesium sphere normally we do not have

3532
01:03:22,549 --> 01:03:22,559
magnesium sphere normally we do not have
 

3533
01:03:22,559 --> 01:03:26,309
magnesium sphere normally we do not have
plasma to get this uh this effect

3534
01:03:26,309 --> 01:03:26,319
plasma to get this uh this effect
 

3535
01:03:26,319 --> 01:03:28,789
plasma to get this uh this effect
and it it was also connected to the path

3536
01:03:28,789 --> 01:03:28,799
and it it was also connected to the path
 

3537
01:03:28,799 --> 01:03:32,150
and it it was also connected to the path
of the comment itself

3538
01:03:32,150 --> 01:03:32,160

 

3539
01:03:32,160 --> 01:03:33,190

i think we have one more from

3540
01:03:33,190 --> 01:03:33,200
i think we have one more from
 

3541
01:03:33,200 --> 01:03:35,109
i think we have one more from
headquarters

3542
01:03:35,109 --> 01:03:35,119
headquarters
 

3543
01:03:35,119 --> 01:03:37,349
headquarters
uh yes this is tracy

3544
01:03:37,349 --> 01:03:37,359
uh yes this is tracy
 

3545
01:03:37,359 --> 01:03:40,870
uh yes this is tracy
report i guess for uh

3546
01:03:40,870 --> 01:03:40,880

 

3547
01:03:40,880 --> 01:03:43,829

i wonder if you've seen any uh white at

3548
01:03:43,829 --> 01:03:43,839
i wonder if you've seen any uh white at
 

3549
01:03:43,839 --> 01:03:46,789
i wonder if you've seen any uh white at
the thin dark ring from

3550
01:03:46,789 --> 01:03:46,799
the thin dark ring from
 

3551
01:03:46,799 --> 01:03:49,270
the thin dark ring from
can you hear me no please repeat um i'm

3552
01:03:49,270 --> 01:03:49,280
can you hear me no please repeat um i'm
 

3553
01:03:49,280 --> 01:03:50,870
can you hear me no please repeat um i'm
wanting to see any whitening yet of the

3554
01:03:50,870 --> 01:03:50,880
wanting to see any whitening yet of the
 

3555
01:03:50,880 --> 01:03:53,029
wanting to see any whitening yet of the
thin dark ring from

3556
01:03:53,029 --> 01:03:53,039
thin dark ring from
 

3557
01:03:53,039 --> 01:03:55,029
thin dark ring from
from fragment g the one surrounding the

3558
01:03:55,029 --> 01:03:55,039
from fragment g the one surrounding the
 

3559
01:03:55,039 --> 01:03:57,589
from fragment g the one surrounding the
dark swatch

3560
01:03:57,589 --> 01:03:57,599
dark swatch
 

3561
01:03:57,599 --> 01:03:59,109
dark swatch
that's that's for me

3562
01:03:59,109 --> 01:03:59,119
that's that's for me
 

3563
01:03:59,119 --> 01:04:01,589
that's that's for me
sure it's a hubble question oh i don't

3564
01:04:01,589 --> 01:04:01,599
sure it's a hubble question oh i don't
 

3565
01:04:01,599 --> 01:04:02,630
sure it's a hubble question oh i don't
think we're

3566
01:04:02,630 --> 01:04:02,640
think we're
 

3567
01:04:02,640 --> 01:04:04,470
think we're
we have any more results on that at this

3568
01:04:04,470 --> 01:04:04,480
we have any more results on that at this
 

3569
01:04:04,480 --> 01:04:08,309
we have any more results on that at this
time

3570
01:04:08,309 --> 01:04:08,319

 

3571
01:04:08,319 --> 01:04:10,230

okay that's all the questions we have

3572
01:04:10,230 --> 01:04:10,240
okay that's all the questions we have
 

3573
01:04:10,240 --> 01:04:12,950
okay that's all the questions we have
time for today we'll rerun the video and

3574
01:04:12,950 --> 01:04:12,960
time for today we'll rerun the video and
 

3575
01:04:12,960 --> 01:04:15,750
time for today we'll rerun the video and
uh feed that on the satellite and uh

3576
01:04:15,750 --> 01:04:15,760
uh feed that on the satellite and uh
 

3577
01:04:15,760 --> 01:07:20,230
uh feed that on the satellite and uh
that's in the press conference thank you

3578
01:07:20,230 --> 01:07:20,240

 

3579
01:07:20,240 --> 01:07:21,990

and start imaging

3580
01:07:21,990 --> 01:07:22,000
and start imaging
 

3581
01:07:22,000 --> 01:07:24,470
and start imaging
so we didn't actually catch the flash of

3582
01:07:24,470 --> 01:07:24,480
so we didn't actually catch the flash of
 

3583
01:07:24,480 --> 01:07:26,069
so we didn't actually catch the flash of
l but we were able to start looking at

3584
01:07:26,069 --> 01:07:26,079
l but we were able to start looking at
 

3585
01:07:26,079 --> 01:07:28,870
l but we were able to start looking at
the morphology of the l site very very

3586
01:07:28,870 --> 01:07:28,880
the morphology of the l site very very
 

3587
01:07:28,880 --> 01:07:30,230
the morphology of the l site very very
quickly

3588
01:07:30,230 --> 01:07:30,240
quickly
 

3589
01:07:30,240 --> 01:07:33,270
quickly
the conditions turned spectacular very

3590
01:07:33,270 --> 01:07:33,280
the conditions turned spectacular very
 

3591
01:07:33,280 --> 01:07:35,750
the conditions turned spectacular very
soon on we had excellent excellent

3592
01:07:35,750 --> 01:07:35,760
soon on we had excellent excellent
 

3593
01:07:35,760 --> 01:07:37,190
soon on we had excellent excellent
transparency

3594
01:07:37,190 --> 01:07:37,200
transparency
 

3595
01:07:37,200 --> 01:07:39,109
transparency
almost all the night

3596
01:07:39,109 --> 01:07:39,119
almost all the night
 

3597
01:07:39,119 --> 01:07:40,950
almost all the night
and extremely stable atmospheric

3598
01:07:40,950 --> 01:07:40,960
and extremely stable atmospheric
 

3599
01:07:40,960 --> 01:07:42,950
and extremely stable atmospheric
conditions so we have some really really

3600
01:07:42,950 --> 01:07:42,960
conditions so we have some really really
 

3601
01:07:42,960 --> 01:07:45,190
conditions so we have some really really
pretty images that we've gotten out with

3602
01:07:45,190 --> 01:07:45,200
pretty images that we've gotten out with
 

3603
01:07:45,200 --> 01:07:48,230
pretty images that we've gotten out with
both an ir camera on the 2.7 meter

3604
01:07:48,230 --> 01:07:48,240
both an ir camera on the 2.7 meter
 

3605
01:07:48,240 --> 01:07:50,230
both an ir camera on the 2.7 meter
telescope and

3606
01:07:50,230 --> 01:07:50,240
telescope and
 

3607
01:07:50,240 --> 01:07:51,430
telescope and
a

3608
01:07:51,430 --> 01:07:51,440
a
 

3609
01:07:51,440 --> 01:07:55,270
a
ccd camera on the 0.8 meter telescope

3610
01:07:55,270 --> 01:07:55,280
ccd camera on the 0.8 meter telescope
 

3611
01:07:55,280 --> 01:07:57,589
ccd camera on the 0.8 meter telescope
we've mostly been running around like

3612
01:07:57,589 --> 01:07:57,599
we've mostly been running around like
 

3613
01:07:57,599 --> 01:07:59,589
we've mostly been running around like
giddy little kids because it's very

3614
01:07:59,589 --> 01:07:59,599
giddy little kids because it's very
 

3615
01:07:59,599 --> 01:08:01,670
giddy little kids because it's very
exciting to watch this we've we've all

3616
01:08:01,670 --> 01:08:01,680
exciting to watch this we've we've all
 

3617
01:08:01,680 --> 01:08:03,190
exciting to watch this we've we've all
had to take our turns looking through

3618
01:08:03,190 --> 01:08:03,200
had to take our turns looking through
 

3619
01:08:03,200 --> 01:08:05,510
had to take our turns looking through
the eyepiece because you can see the

3620
01:08:05,510 --> 01:08:05,520
the eyepiece because you can see the
 

3621
01:08:05,520 --> 01:08:08,870
the eyepiece because you can see the
structure of the spots in the eyepiece

3622
01:08:08,870 --> 01:08:08,880
structure of the spots in the eyepiece
 

3623
01:08:08,880 --> 01:08:11,349
structure of the spots in the eyepiece
in good conditions and

3624
01:08:11,349 --> 01:08:11,359
in good conditions and
 

3625
01:08:11,359 --> 01:08:13,349
in good conditions and
things are just changing and it's so

3626
01:08:13,349 --> 01:08:13,359
things are just changing and it's so
 

3627
01:08:13,359 --> 01:08:16,309
things are just changing and it's so
much fun to watch

3628
01:08:16,309 --> 01:08:16,319

 

3629
01:08:16,319 --> 01:08:19,430

jupiter change below our eyes

3630
01:08:19,430 --> 01:08:19,440
jupiter change below our eyes
 

3631
01:08:19,440 --> 01:08:21,030
jupiter change below our eyes
image number two

3632
01:08:21,030 --> 01:08:21,040
image number two
 

3633
01:08:21,040 --> 01:08:21,749
image number two
is

3634
01:08:21,749 --> 01:08:21,759
is
 

3635
01:08:21,759 --> 01:08:24,709
is
a methane image taking the ccd camera

3636
01:08:24,709 --> 01:08:24,719
a methane image taking the ccd camera
 

3637
01:08:24,719 --> 01:08:29,030
a methane image taking the ccd camera
and in this image we see a number of the

3638
01:08:29,030 --> 01:08:29,040
and in this image we see a number of the
 

3639
01:08:29,040 --> 01:08:31,030
and in this image we see a number of the
spots but

3640
01:08:31,030 --> 01:08:31,040
spots but
 

3641
01:08:31,040 --> 01:08:32,709
spots but
one of the striking features of this

3642
01:08:32,709 --> 01:08:32,719
one of the striking features of this
 

3643
01:08:32,719 --> 01:08:35,349
one of the striking features of this
image is that the h-spot is just

3644
01:08:35,349 --> 01:08:35,359
image is that the h-spot is just
 

3645
01:08:35,359 --> 01:08:37,829
image is that the h-spot is just
rotating into onto the limb and we've

3646
01:08:37,829 --> 01:08:37,839
rotating into onto the limb and we've
 

3647
01:08:37,839 --> 01:08:40,470
rotating into onto the limb and we've
caught it in this image at a point where

3648
01:08:40,470 --> 01:08:40,480
caught it in this image at a point where
 

3649
01:08:40,480 --> 01:08:43,110
caught it in this image at a point where
we see it detached from the planet

3650
01:08:43,110 --> 01:08:43,120
we see it detached from the planet
 

3651
01:08:43,120 --> 01:08:46,070
we see it detached from the planet
a hydrogen molecular band

3652
01:08:46,070 --> 01:08:46,080
a hydrogen molecular band
 

3653
01:08:46,080 --> 01:08:48,550
a hydrogen molecular band
uh that is again observed with the ir

3654
01:08:48,550 --> 01:08:48,560
uh that is again observed with the ir
 

3655
01:08:48,560 --> 01:08:51,669
uh that is again observed with the ir
camera on the 2.7 meter in this we have

3656
01:08:51,669 --> 01:08:51,679
camera on the 2.7 meter in this we have
 

3657
01:08:51,679 --> 01:08:53,829
camera on the 2.7 meter in this we have
four spots and the great red spot in the

3658
01:08:53,829 --> 01:08:53,839
four spots and the great red spot in the
 

3659
01:08:53,839 --> 01:08:55,189
four spots and the great red spot in the
middle of the planet

3660
01:08:55,189 --> 01:08:55,199
middle of the planet
 

3661
01:08:55,199 --> 01:08:57,110
middle of the planet
uh we sent this in the conventional

3662
01:08:57,110 --> 01:08:57,120
uh we sent this in the conventional
 

3663
01:08:57,120 --> 01:08:58,470
uh we sent this in the conventional
orientation

3664
01:08:58,470 --> 01:08:58,480
orientation
 

3665
01:08:58,480 --> 01:09:01,030
orientation
we find amusing to turn this and some of

3666
01:09:01,030 --> 01:09:01,040
we find amusing to turn this and some of
 

3667
01:09:01,040 --> 01:09:02,950
we find amusing to turn this and some of
the other images upside down and look at

3668
01:09:02,950 --> 01:09:02,960
the other images upside down and look at
 

3669
01:09:02,960 --> 01:09:22,950
the other images upside down and look at
it you'll see why when you see the image

3670
01:09:22,950 --> 01:09:22,960

 

3671
01:09:22,960 --> 01:09:25,510

we have two two channels one is a

3672
01:09:25,510 --> 01:09:25,520
we have two two channels one is a
 

3673
01:09:25,520 --> 01:09:28,149
we have two two channels one is a
temperature channel and one is a search

3674
01:09:28,149 --> 01:09:28,159
temperature channel and one is a search
 

3675
01:09:28,159 --> 01:09:30,309
temperature channel and one is a search
for water the temperature channel was

3676
01:09:30,309 --> 01:09:30,319
for water the temperature channel was
 

3677
01:09:30,319 --> 01:09:32,470
for water the temperature channel was
truly dramatic and we have very good

3678
01:09:32,470 --> 01:09:32,480
truly dramatic and we have very good
 

3679
01:09:32,480 --> 01:09:34,709
truly dramatic and we have very good
coverage of both the g and the k

3680
01:09:34,709 --> 01:09:34,719
coverage of both the g and the k
 

3681
01:09:34,719 --> 01:09:36,070
coverage of both the g and the k
fragments

3682
01:09:36,070 --> 01:09:36,080
fragments
 

3683
01:09:36,080 --> 01:09:38,070
fragments
after having looked at the g fragment

3684
01:09:38,070 --> 01:09:38,080
after having looked at the g fragment
 

3685
01:09:38,080 --> 01:09:40,070
after having looked at the g fragment
then we decided to

3686
01:09:40,070 --> 01:09:40,080
then we decided to
 

3687
01:09:40,080 --> 01:09:41,990
then we decided to
to set up the investigation a little

3688
01:09:41,990 --> 01:09:42,000
to set up the investigation a little
 

3689
01:09:42,000 --> 01:09:43,349
to set up the investigation a little
differently uh

3690
01:09:43,349 --> 01:09:43,359
differently uh
 

3691
01:09:43,359 --> 01:09:46,390
differently uh
for the k fragment we concentrated

3692
01:09:46,390 --> 01:09:46,400
for the k fragment we concentrated
 

3693
01:09:46,400 --> 01:09:48,789
for the k fragment we concentrated
almost exclusively on the temperature we

3694
01:09:48,789 --> 01:09:48,799
almost exclusively on the temperature we
 

3695
01:09:48,799 --> 01:09:50,390
almost exclusively on the temperature we
wanted to make sure that we pinned that

3696
01:09:50,390 --> 01:09:50,400
wanted to make sure that we pinned that
 

3697
01:09:50,400 --> 01:09:53,189
wanted to make sure that we pinned that
down very precisely and we have

3698
01:09:53,189 --> 01:09:53,199
down very precisely and we have
 

3699
01:09:53,199 --> 01:09:55,830
down very precisely and we have
even even better data for the k fragment

3700
01:09:55,830 --> 01:09:55,840
even even better data for the k fragment
 

3701
01:09:55,840 --> 01:09:56,630
even even better data for the k fragment
the

3702
01:09:56,630 --> 01:09:56,640
the
 

3703
01:09:56,640 --> 01:09:58,149
the
the

3704
01:09:58,149 --> 01:09:58,159
the
 

3705
01:09:58,159 --> 01:10:01,030
the
going from the pre-crash signal level to

3706
01:10:01,030 --> 01:10:01,040
going from the pre-crash signal level to
 

3707
01:10:01,040 --> 01:10:03,350
going from the pre-crash signal level to
the peak of the fireball it went up by a

3708
01:10:03,350 --> 01:10:03,360
the peak of the fireball it went up by a
 

3709
01:10:03,360 --> 01:10:06,550
the peak of the fireball it went up by a
factor 25 so it was absolutely stunning

3710
01:10:06,550 --> 01:10:06,560
factor 25 so it was absolutely stunning
 

3711
01:10:06,560 --> 01:10:08,630
factor 25 so it was absolutely stunning
and you know since we have some spatial

3712
01:10:08,630 --> 01:10:08,640
and you know since we have some spatial
 

3713
01:10:08,640 --> 01:10:10,630
and you know since we have some spatial
resolution

3714
01:10:10,630 --> 01:10:10,640
resolution
 

3715
01:10:10,640 --> 01:10:13,270
resolution
you can see all of all of jupiter

3716
01:10:13,270 --> 01:10:13,280
you can see all of all of jupiter
 

3717
01:10:13,280 --> 01:10:15,990
you can see all of all of jupiter
jupiter at once and then in the the limb

3718
01:10:15,990 --> 01:10:16,000
jupiter at once and then in the the limb
 

3719
01:10:16,000 --> 01:10:17,990
jupiter at once and then in the the limb
of jupiter where the fireball was it's

3720
01:10:17,990 --> 01:10:18,000
of jupiter where the fireball was it's
 

3721
01:10:18,000 --> 01:10:20,390
of jupiter where the fireball was it's
like seeing a supernova go off or a star

3722
01:10:20,390 --> 01:10:20,400
like seeing a supernova go off or a star
 

3723
01:10:20,400 --> 01:10:22,950
like seeing a supernova go off or a star
go off the main reason for using the

3724
01:10:22,950 --> 01:10:22,960
go off the main reason for using the
 

3725
01:10:22,960 --> 01:10:26,310
go off the main reason for using the
kuiper airborne observatory is that um

3726
01:10:26,310 --> 01:10:26,320
kuiper airborne observatory is that um
 

3727
01:10:26,320 --> 01:10:27,870
kuiper airborne observatory is that um
you're flying above

3728
01:10:27,870 --> 01:10:27,880
you're flying above
 

3729
01:10:27,880 --> 01:10:30,470
you're flying above
99.9 percent of the water vapor in the

3730
01:10:30,470 --> 01:10:30,480
99.9 percent of the water vapor in the
 

3731
01:10:30,480 --> 01:10:33,510
99.9 percent of the water vapor in the
earth's atmosphere and you're above just

3732
01:10:33,510 --> 01:10:33,520
earth's atmosphere and you're above just
 

3733
01:10:33,520 --> 01:10:37,189
earth's atmosphere and you're above just
80 percent of the total atmosphere

3734
01:10:37,189 --> 01:10:37,199
80 percent of the total atmosphere
 

3735
01:10:37,199 --> 01:10:39,189
80 percent of the total atmosphere
our key thermometer is the methane

3736
01:10:39,189 --> 01:10:39,199
our key thermometer is the methane
 

3737
01:10:39,199 --> 01:10:41,110
our key thermometer is the methane
molecule which is present in the earth's

3738
01:10:41,110 --> 01:10:41,120
molecule which is present in the earth's
 

3739
01:10:41,120 --> 01:10:42,310
molecule which is present in the earth's
atmosphere

3740
01:10:42,310 --> 01:10:42,320
atmosphere
 

3741
01:10:42,320 --> 01:10:44,950
atmosphere
by flying at 41 000 feet

3742
01:10:44,950 --> 01:10:44,960
by flying at 41 000 feet
 

3743
01:10:44,960 --> 01:10:47,430
by flying at 41 000 feet
this opens up a window where we can

3744
01:10:47,430 --> 01:10:47,440
this opens up a window where we can
 

3745
01:10:47,440 --> 01:10:50,790
this opens up a window where we can
measure very strong methane features on

3746
01:10:50,790 --> 01:10:50,800
measure very strong methane features on
 

3747
01:10:50,800 --> 01:10:52,310
measure very strong methane features on
jupiter that

3748
01:10:52,310 --> 01:10:52,320
jupiter that
 

3749
01:10:52,320 --> 01:10:54,310
jupiter that
are not measurable from ground-based

3750
01:10:54,310 --> 01:10:54,320
are not measurable from ground-based
 

3751
01:10:54,320 --> 01:11:35,750
are not measurable from ground-based
telescopes

3752
01:11:35,750 --> 01:11:35,760

 

3753
01:11:35,760 --> 01:11:38,709

for more information about the nasa sti

3754
01:11:38,709 --> 01:11:38,719
for more information about the nasa sti
 

3755
01:11:38,719 --> 01:11:41,590
for more information about the nasa sti
program please write to the nasa center

3756
01:11:41,590 --> 01:11:41,600
program please write to the nasa center
 

3757
01:11:41,600 --> 01:11:44,870
program please write to the nasa center
for aerospace information or call us at

3758
01:11:44,870 --> 01:11:44,880
for aerospace information or call us at
 

3759
01:11:44,880 --> 01:11:54,149
for aerospace information or call us at
301 621-0390

3760
01:11:54,149 --> 01:11:54,159

 

3761
01:11:54,159 --> 01:11:56,239

you